マイベストプロ神戸
TEX 二井原

英検1級取得者によるオンライン個別指導のプロ

TEX 二井原(てっくすにいはら) / 英語講師

英語パーソナルジム HIET(ヒート)/ High Intensity English Training

コラム

英文法5分ドリル【代名詞】③

2023年12月12日

テーマ:大学入試・TOEIC・英検

コラムカテゴリ:スクール・習い事


本記事は独学・国内学習による
英検1級保持者が書きました。



Changes have taken place in many areas of national life, especially in (    ) related to housing and employment.
  ① it
  ② that
  ③ these
  ④ those

… , especially in the areas related to …
の the areas を1語で表現したい。
those (=the+複数名詞) を用いる。 
those は後に修飾語句を伴いうる点で them と異なる。

正解:④
「国民生活の多くの分野,特に住宅と雇用に関する分野で変化が起こった」
Changes have taken place in many areas of national life, especially in those related to housing and employment.
Changes have occurred in numerous facets of national life, particularly in spheres concerning housing and employment.
Changes have unfolded across various sectors of national life, notably within housing and employment domains.
Alterations have transpired in many aspects of the country's life, especially those pertaining to housing and employment.





I've already had one bad experience buying goods by mail order and I don't want (    ).
  ① another
  ② any longer
  ③ at all
  ④ other

<何個かある中で, 1つ目=one, もう1つ別の=another>
正解:①
「通信販売で品物を買ってすでに苦い経験をしているので,もうそういった経験をしたくない」
I've already had one bad experience buying goods by mail order and I don't want another.
I had a negative experience purchasing goods through mail order previously and would prefer to avoid a repeat.
I've had one unpleasant encounter buying items via mail order, and I'm not keen on another.
Having had a bad experience buying goods by mail order once, I'm reluctant to have a similar one.






As I was invited to the party, I was (    ) myself with pleasure.
  ① at
  ② beside
  ③ for
  ④ over

<beside oneself with A>
「Aで我を忘れる」 
Aに来るのは次のような感情を表す名詞。
 ☆ joy
 ☆ grief
 ☆ sorrow
正解:②
「私はパーティーに招待されたので, うれしくて我を忘れるほどだった」
As I was invited to the party, I was beside myself with pleasure.
Upon receiving the invitation to the party, I was ecstatic.
I was overjoyed upon being invited to the party.
The invitation to the party filled me with immense pleasure.







There is no objection on the part of (    ) present at the afternoon meeting.
  ① this
  ② that
  ③ these
  ④ those

those present 「出席者」
(=those who are present)
those who … を短縮して
<those+形容詞・過去分詞>
の形で成句化した表現は他に,
 ☆ those concerned「関係者」= those involved
 ☆ those accused「被告」
 ☆ those chosen「選ばれた人」
正解:④
「午後の会議で参加者からの異議はない」
There is no objection on the part of those present at the afternoon meeting.
There was no dissent among those present at the afternoon meeting.
Those present at the afternoon meeting raised no objections.
No one objected among the attendees of the afternoon meeting.






Can you tell the difference between rice grown in Japan and (    )?
  ① American one  
  ② American rice
  ③ one of America 
  ④ rice of America

文中の rice から rice が《不可算名詞》であることを見抜く。
(冠詞 a もつかず, 複数形にもなっていない)
《不可算名詞》を one が受けることはない。
① ③が失格。
④ of America は〔所有〕を表す。
〔原産〕を表す場合は通例 of でなく
from か in を用いるため失格。
また of America で rice を限定しているので
the rice of America となるはず。
正解:②
「君は日本産の米とアメリカ産の米の区別がつきますか」
Can you tell the difference between rice grown in Japan and American rice?
Can you differentiate between rice cultivated in Japan and American-grown rice?
How can you distinguish Japanese-grown rice from American rice?
Is there a way to tell the difference between rice grown in Japan and American rice?





I haven't got a nice desk, and so I'm going to (    ).
  ① have it made
  ② have one made
  ③ get it to make   
  ④ have that to be made

 ☆ it=the desk
 ☆ one=a desk          
<haven’t got>( = don’t have )   
× He likes white wine better than red one.
◎ He likes white wine better than red (wine).
 「彼は赤ワインより白ワインのほうが好きだ」
  ★wineは不可算名詞
red wine とするか red だけを残す
 it   ➪ 〈the+前出名詞〉
 one  ➪ 〈前出可算名詞〉
正解:②
「私はよいデスクを持っていないので作ってもらう」
I haven't got a nice desk, and so I'm going to have one made.
Because I lack a nice desk, I'm planning to have one custom-made.
I don't have a decent desk, so I'm arranging to have one created.
Since I don't own a satisfactory desk, I'm arranging to get one specially made.





The bread my mother makes is much better than (    ) which you can buy at a store.
  ① one
  ② that
  ③ the one
  ④ those

前出単数名詞 bread の代用として, 
that=the bread〔不可算名詞〕
it も前出の単数名詞の代りに用いるが,
that のように一部だけを指すことができない。
そのため次のような違いが生じる。
 ☆ that で代用すると ➪  the bread
 ☆ it で代用すると  ➪  the bread my mother makes
it だと余計なところまで指して意味が不明になる。
このことからも that の存在理由が確認できる。
正解:②
「私の母が作るパンは店で買うのよりもずっとおいしい」
The bread my mother makes is much better than that which you can buy at a store.
The bread my mother bakes surpasses the quality of store-bought bread.
The bread my mother makes is far superior to what you find in a store.
My mother's homemade bread is significantly better than the bread available at a store.

【音読基本英文】



「国民生活の多くの分野,特に住宅と雇用に関する分野で変化が起こった」

Changes have taken place in many areas of national life, especially in those related to housing and employment.
Changes have occurred in numerous facets of national life, particularly in spheres concerning housing and employment.
Changes have unfolded across various sectors of national life, notably within housing and employment domains.
Alterations have transpired in many aspects of the country's life, especially those pertaining to housing and employment.







「通信販売で品物を買ってすでに苦い経験をしているので,もうそういった経験をしたくない」

I've already had one bad experience buying goods by mail order and I don't want another.
I had a negative experience purchasing goods through mail order previously and would prefer to avoid a repeat.
I've had one unpleasant encounter buying items via mail order, and I'm not keen on another.
Having had a bad experience buying goods by mail order once, I'm reluctant to have a similar one.







「私はパーティーに招待されたので,うれしくて我を忘れるほどだった」

As I was invited to the party, I was beside myself with pleasure.
Upon receiving the invitation to the party, I was ecstatic.
I was overjoyed upon being invited to the party.
The invitation to the party filled me with immense pleasure.







「午後の会議で参加者からの異議はない」

There is no objection on the part of those present at the afternoon meeting.
There was no dissent among those present at the afternoon meeting.
Those present at the afternoon meeting raised no objections.
No one objected among the attendees of the afternoon meeting.






「君は日本産の米とアメリカ産の米の区別がつきますか」

Can you tell the difference between rice grown in Japan and American rice?
Can you differentiate between rice cultivated in Japan and American-grown rice?
How can you distinguish Japanese-grown rice from American rice?
Is there a way to tell the difference between rice grown in Japan and American rice?







「私はよいデスクを持っていないので作ってもらう」

I haven't got a nice desk, and so I'm going to have one made.
Because I lack a nice desk, I'm planning to have one custom-made.
I don't have a decent desk, so I'm arranging to have one created.
Since I don't own a satisfactory desk, I'm arranging to get one specially made.






「私の母が作るパンは店で買うのよりもずっとおいしい」

The bread my mother makes is much better than that which you can buy at a store.
The bread my mother bakes surpasses the quality of store-bought bread.
The bread my mother makes is far superior to what you find in a store.
My mother's homemade bread is significantly better than the bread available at a store.



【代名詞】要点整理


⑴ One student is talking. Another is reading.
⑵ Mary has two children. One is a boy, and the other is a girl.
⑶ I don’t like these ties. Have you any others.
⑷ These books are mine; the others are Bob’s.
⑸ Saying is one thing and doing is another.
⑴ 一人の生徒は話している。他の人は読書をしている。
⑵ メアリーには二人子供がいる。一人は男の子でもう一人は女の子だ。
⑶ 私はこれらのネクタイが好きでない。他に何かありますか。
⑷ これらの本は私のだ。他はボブのです。
⑸ 言葉は一つのもので,行動はまた別のものだ。


⑴ The new designs are much better than the old one.
 cf.) She gave me a lovely watch, but I lost it.
⑵ The food in my country is not very different from that of Spain.
⑶ Her feelings were those of a younger girl.
 cf.) those present at the meeting
⑴ この新しいデザインは古いものよりもはるかに良い。
⑵ この国の食事はスペイン料理とあまり違わない。
⑶ 彼女の精神は若い人のそれだ。

まとめると,


〔代名詞〕
Both my brothers do not like carrots.
(私の兄の二人ともがにんじんが好きなわけではない)
〔形容詞〕
Both mans belong to the Democratic party.
(二人とも自由党に所属している)
〔代名詞〕
the passengers were rescued.
(全ての乗客が救出された)
〔形容詞〕
All his money was wasted on trifles.
(全てのお金が無駄に浪費された)


〔代名詞〕
Each of us has his own dictionary.
(我々は自分の辞書をもっている)
〔形容詞〕
Each child at the party was given a present.
(それぞれの子供達はパーティーでプレゼントを貰った)
〔形容詞〕
Every boy and every girl in the class likes Miss Smith.
(クラスの全ての男女はスミスさんのことがすきだ)


Either of these blouses suits you very much.
(これらのブラウスは君に似合うね)
 ★either がside / end / hand などと対比関係の場合
  ▸ either side/end/hand
Proust and James are great novelists, and neither is easy to read.
(プルーストとジェームスは偉大な小説家だ。どちらも簡単には読めない)
〔語順〕
× a my friend
◎ a friend of mine
★所有格は 冠詞相当語と並列不可
冠詞相当語句:
a(n), this, that, these, those, some, any
She lent me this book of hers last week.

The boy killed himself.
(その少年は自殺した)
Did you enjoy yourself at the party last night?
(君は昨晩のパーティーを楽しみましたか)









今後も英語学習に関わる情報、体験談を発信していきます。

この記事を書いたプロ

TEX 二井原

英検1級取得者によるオンライン個別指導のプロ

TEX 二井原(英語パーソナルジム HIET(ヒート)/ High Intensity English Training)

Share

関連するコラム

TEX 二井原プロへの
お問い合わせ

マイベストプロを見た
と言うとスムーズです

お電話での
お問い合わせ
090-3825-5237

勧誘を目的とした営業行為の上記電話番号によるお問合せはお断りしております。

TEX 二井原

英語パーソナルジム HIET(ヒート)/ High Intensity English Training

担当TEX 二井原(てっくすにいはら)

地図・アクセス

  1. マイベストプロ TOP
  2. マイベストプロ神戸
  3. 兵庫の出産・子育て・教育
  4. 兵庫の大学受験・共通テスト(センター試験)
  5. TEX 二井原
  6. コラム一覧
  7. 英文法5分ドリル【代名詞】③

© My Best Pro