英文法5分ドリル【代名詞】④

本記事は独学・国内学習による
英検1級保持者が書きました。

proof「証拠・証明・立証」
「金をもうける」make money
「あの男が金儲けをしたこと」≠「立派な人間」
の趣旨であることを汲み取り
名詞節主語を that を用いてまとめる。
名詞節主語は単数扱いなので is で受ける。
one’s merit 「人の真価」　　　　　　　
　Treat him according to his merits.
　（彼の功罪に応じて報いてあげなさい）
正解：
あの男が金儲けをしたからといって，立派な人間だということにはならない。
That the man made money is no proof of his merit.
The fact that the man earned money doesn't demonstrate his merit.
Making money doesn't necessarily prove the man's merit.
The man's ability to earn money doesn't serve as evidence of his merit.

〈neither A nor B〉を1個の名詞と考える。
これを主語に立て,
object to A 「Aに異議を唱える」
(Aは名詞か動名詞) を続ける。
Aに相当する「列に並ぶということ」は
standing in line か
stand［get］in line「列に並ぶ」
次は〈neither A nor B〉が全体で目的語。
　I knew neither her nor her mother.
　（私は彼女も彼女の母もしらなかった）
正解：
イギリス人もアメリカ人も郵便局や銀行その他どんな所でも列に並ぶということに異議を唱えるということはない。
Neither the British nor the Americans object to standing in line at the post office, bank, or anywhere else.
Both the British and the Americans don't mind waiting in line at various places such as the post office or bank.
Neither the British nor the Americans have an issue with queuing at the post office, bank, or elsewhere.
Standing in line at places like the post office or bank isn't objected to by either the British or the Americans.

『私に関する限り』　
☆ so[as] far as I’m concerned　
☆ as for me / as regards me
☆ for my part　
☆ personally 　
「私の知る限り」
☆ as far as I know
☆ to my best of my knowledge
＜as long as＞ 　　
　(a)〈時間〉「～の間は」(＝while)
　(b)〈条件〉「～さえすれば」(＝on condition that)
＜as［so］far as＞ 　
　(a)〈距離〉「～の及ぶかぎり」
　(b)〈程度〉「～のかぎりにおいては」
これらは〈接続詞〉なので，後に完全な文を導く。
正解：
私に関する限り今日出発できます。
So far as I am concerned, we can start today.
From my perspective, beginning today is acceptable.
As far as I'm concerned, starting today works fine.
Speaking for myself, I'm okay with starting today.

＜lest S (should) do＞
「～しないように」〔目的〕
＜all the way＞
「ずっと・はるばる」
は場所などを表す前置詞句の前に置くので
　ran all the way the bus stop
とする。
　ran to the bus stop all the way
とは言わない。
He has come all the way from New York.
(彼ははるばるニューヨークから来た)
Thank you for coming all the way down from your place.
（遠いところわざわざ来てくれて，ありがとう）
This is what I ordered all the way from Japan. :
（わざわざ日本から取り寄せたものです）
なお，否定の目的は英作文で以下の点を注意したい。
『雨が降るといけないから傘を持っていきなさい』
　◎ Take an umbrella with you in case it rains. 　
　 × Take an umbrella with you so that it won’t rain.
「雨が降る」のを未然に防ぐことはできないので下は誤文。
正解：
最終バスに乗り遅れないように，私は停留所までずっと走って行った。
I ran all the way to the bus stop lest I should miss the last bus.
I hurried to the bus stop to avoid missing the last bus.
I ran to the bus stop in fear of missing the last bus.
To prevent missing the last bus, I ran the entire way to the bus stop.

so…that ～ 構文から that の省略。
「少しも進めない」
couldn’t move an inch
＝couldn’t move at all
数量を用いた比喩表現。
正解：
道路はとても混んでいたので2時間のあいだ少しも進めなかった。
There was so much traffic we couldn’t move an inch for two hours.
The traffic was so congested that we were stuck without moving at all for two hours.
We were completely stationary due to excessive traffic for a duration of two hours.
The volume of traffic was so high that we were unable to budge for two hours.

S is such that …「Sは大変なものなので…」
よく Such is S that … の〈倒置形〉で用いられる。
この場合の such＝so great。　
Such is の後に the pleasure (that) you give と
目的格関係代名詞が省略された形を伴った主語を作る。
that 節内は〈cannot …too ～ 〉を用いる。
正解：
君はとても楽しい人だから何度でも来てください。
Such is the pleasure you give that you cannot come too often.
The pleasure you bring is so great that your visits cannot occur too frequently.
Your presence brings such joy that you're always welcome to visit.
Your ability to bring pleasure is such that you're encouraged to visit as much as possible.

【音読基本英文】

あの男が金儲けをしたからといって，立派な人間だということにはならない。
That the man made money is no proof of his merit.
The fact that the man earned money doesn't demonstrate his merit.
Making money doesn't necessarily prove the man's merit.
The man's ability to earn money doesn't serve as evidence of his merit.





イギリス人もアメリカ人も郵便局や銀行その他どんな所でも列に並ぶということに異議を唱えるということはない。
Neither the British nor the Americans object to standing in line at the post office, bank, or anywhere else.
Both the British and the Americans don't mind waiting in line at various places such as the post office or bank.
Neither the British nor the Americans have an issue with queuing at the post office, bank, or elsewhere.
Standing in line at places like the post office or bank isn't objected to by either the British or the Americans.





私に関する限り今日出発できます。
So far as I am concerned, we can start today.
From my perspective, beginning today is acceptable.
As far as I'm concerned, starting today works fine.
Speaking for myself, I'm okay with starting today.





最終バスに乗り遅れないように，私は停留所までずっと走って行った。
I ran all the way to the bus stop lest I should miss the last bus.
I hurried to the bus stop to avoid missing the last bus.
I ran to the bus stop in fear of missing the last bus.
To prevent missing the last bus, I ran the entire way to the bus stop.





道路はとても混んでいたので2時間のあいだ少しも進めなかった。
There was so much traffic we couldn’t move an inch for two hours.
The traffic was so congested that we were stuck without moving at all for two hours.
We were completely stationary due to excessive traffic for a duration of two hours.
The volume of traffic was so high that we were unable to budge for two hours.




君はとても楽しい人だから何度でも来てください。
Such is the pleasure you give that you cannot come too often.
The pleasure you bring is so great that your visits cannot occur too frequently.
Your presence brings such joy that you're always welcome to visit.
Your ability to bring pleasure is such that you're encouraged to visit as much as possible.

【代名詞】要点整理

⑴ One student is talking. Another is reading.
⑵ Mary has two children. One is a boy, and the other is a girl.
⑶ I don’t like these ties. Have you any others.
⑷ These books are mine; the others are Bob’s.
⑸ Saying is one thing and doing is another.
⑴ 一人の生徒は話している。他の人は読書をしている。
⑵ メアリーには二人子供がいる。一人は男の子でもう一人は女の子だ。
⑶ 私はこれらのネクタイが好きでない。他に何かありますか。
⑷ これらの本は私のだ。他はボブのです。
⑸ 言葉は一つのもので，行動はまた別のものだ。


⑴ The new designs are much better than the old one.
　cf.) She gave me a lovely watch, but I lost it.
⑵ The food in my country is not very different from that of Spain.
⑶ Her feelings were those of a younger girl.
　cf.) those present at the meeting
⑴ この新しいデザインは古いものよりもはるかに良い。
⑵ この国の食事はスペイン料理とあまり違わない。
⑶ 彼女の精神は若い人のそれだ。

まとめると,


〔代名詞〕
Both my brothers do not like carrots.
（私の兄の二人ともがにんじんが好きなわけではない）
〔形容詞〕
Both mans belong to the Democratic party.
（二人とも自由党に所属している）
〔代名詞〕
the passengers were rescued.
（全ての乗客が救出された）
〔形容詞〕
All his money was wasted on trifles.
（全てのお金が無駄に浪費された）


〔代名詞〕
Each of us has his own dictionary.
（我々は自分の辞書をもっている）
〔形容詞〕
Each child at the party was given a present.
（それぞれの子供達はパーティーでプレゼントを貰った）
〔形容詞〕
Every boy and every girl in the class likes Miss Smith.
（クラスの全ての男女はスミスさんのことがすきだ）


Either of these blouses suits you very much.
（これらのブラウスは君に似合うね）
　★either がside / end / hand などと対比関係の場合
　　▸ either side/end/hand
Proust and James are great novelists, and neither is easy to read.
（プルーストとジェームスは偉大な小説家だ。どちらも簡単には読めない）
〔語順〕
× a my friend
◎ a friend of mine
★所有格は 冠詞相当語と並列不可
冠詞相当語句：
a(n), this, that, these, those, some, any
She lent me this book of hers last week.

The boy killed himself.
（その少年は自殺した）
Did you enjoy yourself at the party last night?
（君は昨晩のパーティーを楽しみましたか）









今後も英語学習に関わる情報、体験談を発信していきます。