英文法5分ドリル【比較①】

本記事は独学・国内学習による
英検1級保持者が書きました。

　　　半分 ➪ 　half 　　　　　　　　
　　　2倍　➪ 　twice as ... as
　　　3倍　➪ 　three times as ... as　
　　　4倍　➪ 　four times as ... as　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　
正解：③
「君の半分だけ本を持っている」
I have onlyhalf as many books as you do.
I possess only half as many books as you do.
My book collection is only half the size of yours.
I have only half the number of books as you.

肯定形〈as＋原級＋as〉
否定形〈not＋so［as］原級＋as …〉「…ほど ～ ない」
正解：①
「私はドイツ語を少し話すが，君ほどうまくない」
I can speak German a little but not as well as you do.
While I have some knowledge of German, it's not as advanced as yours.
My German-speaking ability is not on par with yours.
I can speak German a little, but not as proficiently as you.

＜as…as ever V＞「これまでに～したどの～にも劣らず」
〔as/so /too/how＋形＋a＋名〕の語順に注意。
ex.) He is as great a scientist as ever lived.
彼はこれまで生きたどの科学者にも劣らず偉大だ
正解: ②
「彼は今まで存在した誰にも劣らず偉大なアーティストだ」
He is as great an artist as ever lived.
He ranks among the greatest artists in history.
His artistic prowess is equal to that of any artist who ever lived.
He is as accomplished an artist as anyone who ever lived.

「できるだけ～」
＜as ～ as possible [one can]＞
正解：①
「外国語をマスターしたいなら，できるだけ勉強しなければならない」
If you want to master a foreign language, you must work as hard as you can.
To excel in a foreign language, you need to work as diligently as you can.
Mastery of a foreign language requires maximum effort.
If you want to master a foreign language, you must put in as much effort as possible.

just / about / almost / nearly 等 〈as＋原級＋as …〉
を修飾する語のポジションはその直前。
次も同様。
ex.) She is just as tall as my little sister.
「彼女は私の妹とちょうど同じ背の高さです」
　 Her hair is almost as long as my pencil.
「彼女の髪は私の鉛筆とほとんど同じ長さだ」
正解：③
「彼女は自分の仕事を分かっていないが，収入は私とほぼ同じだけある」　　
Although she doesn’t know her job, she earns nearly as much as I do.
Despite her job-related ignorance, her earnings are almost equivalent to mine.
Even though she is not knowledgeable in her job, her income is nearly the same as mine.
Although she lacks knowledge of her job, she earns nearly as much as I do.

☆ as long as 　➪　～ するという条件で　　
☆ as far as　　➪　～ する範囲内で
cf.) 『私に関する限り』
　　as［so］ far as I am concerned
　　as for me
　　as regards me
　　personally
正解：①
「私が知る限り，彼女はとてもよい人だ」　
As far as I know, she is a very good person.
As far as my knowledge extends, she is a very good person.
To the best of my knowledge, she is a genuinely good person.
As per what I know, she is a person of high moral character.

『AというよりむしろB』
✰ not so much A as B = 　not A so much as B
✰ more B than A 　 = 　rather B than A
✰ more B than A 　 = 　less A than B
正解：②　
「彼の成功は才能によるものというより情熱によるものだ」
His success is not so much by talent as by energy.
His success is attributed not so much to talent as to energy.
His achievements are more a result of hard work and energy than innate talent.
It's not primarily his talent but rather his energy that has led to his success.

＜not so much A as B＞「AというよりむしろB」(＝B rather than A)　
否定するのはnotに近い方のA　　　
estimate 「(人物・能力など)を評価する」
比較対照は前置詞句
by his social position と by his character
＜not so much as do＞「…さえしない」と混合しないこと。
　ex.) The boy cannot so much as sign his name.
　　　その男の子は自分の名前を書くことすらできない。
正解：②　
「人の価値は社会的地位ではなくむしろ人格で評価されるべきだ」
A man’s worth is to be estimated not so much by his social position as by his character.
A man’s value should be assessed not so much by his social position as by his character.
The true measure of a man lies more in his character than in his social standing.
Character, not social status, is the real indicator of a man's worth.

I’m a good cook. の good を as が修飾した場合
good は as に引っ張られて a の前に位置するので
② as a good は誤り。
以下 ＜as＋形＋a＋名＞ の例文。
She is as charming a girl as Hikaru.
(彼女は光と同じくらい魅力的だ)
正解：③　
A : 君が作るものはなんでも本当においしいよ
B : ありがとう。でも僕は君ほどではないよ
A: Everything you cook tastes really good.
B: Thanks, but I don’t think I’m as good a cook as you.
A: Everything you cook tastes really good.
B: Thanks, but I don’t think my cooking skills are on par with yours.
B: I appreciate the compliment, but I don't believe I'm as skilled a cook as you are.
Your cooking abilities surpass mine, but thank you for the compliment.

＜not so much A as B＞「AというよりむしろB」
この表現は普通 as の前で休止が置かれる。
よって、そこ迄で否定文であることが相手に伝わる。
A, B は比較対象で文法的機能的に同等。
ここでは afraid と suspicious という感情を示す形容詞。
それぞれ補語の働き。
正解：③
「彼女は怖がっているというよりむしろ深く疑っているように見えた」
She did not look so much afraid as deeply suspicious.
She did not appear so much afraid as deeply suspicious.
Her expression reflected not so much fear as deep suspicion.
Rather than fear, she seemed to be harboring deep suspicion.

＜as＋原級＋as any＞(＋単数名詞)「どの～にも劣らず」
最上級相当表現。
「彼」と「クラスの生徒全員」の比較ではない。
「彼」と「クラスの生徒1人1人」を比べてその結果,
誰にも劣らないという意味である。
よって，この表現では any の後に単数名詞が置かれる。
この発想は比較対照は同等という比較の根本原理に通じる。　　
正解：④
「彼はクラスの誰にも劣らないくらいに多くの本を読んだ」
He has read as many English books as anybody in his class.
He has read as many English books as anyone in his class.
His reading extends to as many English books as any of his classmates.
He has read as much English literature as the top students in his class.

＜as much(many)＋名＋as＞を用いる。
比較対照は
I’ve learned from Cezanne と I’ve learned from Mozart。
よって, I have の後に learned を補って考える。　
正解：③　
「作曲において，私はモーツアルトから学んだのと同じくらいセザンヌから学んだ」
In writing songs, I’ve learned as much from Cezanne as I have from Mozart.
In writing songs, I’ve gained as much inspiration from Cezanne as from Mozart.
My songwriting has been influenced not only by Mozart but also by Cezanne.
As much as Mozart, Cezanne has played a role in shaping my songwriting.

＜the＋比較級＋of the two … ＞「2つの…の～なほう」
2つの中の「～のほう」と言えば1つに定まり，
限定できるので, 結果として the が必要になる。
正解：③
「ボブは早く走るが，2人の中では遅い」
Bob is a fast runner, but the slower of the two.
Bob is a swift runner, but he is the slower of the two.
While Bob is a fast runner, he is slower than the other person.
Among the two, Bob is the slower runner.

＜否定文＋, still[much] less ～＞ 「…でない，まして～ない」
ex.) I can understand his books, much more his lectures.
　　私は彼の本が理解できる, 彼の講義はなおさらだ
　　　I can’t understand his books, much less his lectures.
　　私は彼の本が理解できない, まして彼の講義は理解できない
正解：③
「彼女はサイエンスを知らない，まして医学なんて知らない」
She knows little of science, still less of medicine.
She knows little of science, and even less of medicine.
Her knowledge of science is limited, and her understanding of medicine is even more lacking.
She is not well-versed in science, and her knowledge of medicine is even more deficient.

She is more pretty than beautiful.
= She is not so much beautiful as pretty.
1つのものについてその性質どうしを比較する表現。
このような場合にはprettierとはならない。
次の2文は比較対照の位置の相違という観点から見ると
文法的に異なることが分かる。
She is more pretty than beautiful .
She is more beautiful than her sister .
正解：②
「彼女は美しいというよりむしろかわいい」 　　
She is more pretty than beautiful.
Her appearance is more on the pretty side than being truly beautiful.
She possesses a more charming and pretty appearance rather than being conventionally beautiful.

正解：①　
「このプログラムの後ろ半分はかなり難しい」
The latter half of this program is rather difficult.
The latter part of this program is quite challenging.
The second half of this program presents more difficulty.
The difficulty level increases in the latter portion of this program.

【音読基本英文】

I have only half as many books as you do.
I possess only half as many books as you do.
My book collection is only half the size of yours.
I have only half the number of books as you.



I can speak German a little but not as well as you do.
While I have some knowledge of German, it's not as advanced as yours.
My German-speaking ability is not on par with yours.
I can speak German a little, but not as proficiently as you.



He is as great an artist as ever lived.
He ranks among the greatest artists in history.
His artistic prowess is equal to that of any artist who ever lived.
He is as accomplished an artist as anyone who ever lived.



If you want to master a foreign language, you must work as hard as you can.
To excel in a foreign language, you need to work as diligently as you can.
Mastery of a foreign language requires maximum effort.
If you want to master a foreign language, you must put in as much effort as possible.



Although she doesn’t know her job, she earns nearly as much as I do.
Despite her job-related ignorance, her earnings are almost equivalent to mine.
Even though she is not knowledgeable in her job, her income is nearly the same as mine.
Although she lacks knowledge of her job, she earns nearly as much as I do.



As far as I know, she is a very good person.
As far as my knowledge extends, she is a very good person.
To the best of my knowledge, she is a genuinely good person.
As per what I know, she is a person of high moral character.



His success is not so much by talent as by energy.
His success is attributed not so much to talent as to energy.
His achievements are more a result of hard work and energy than innate talent.
It's not primarily his talent but rather his energy that has led to his success.



A man’s worth is to be estimated not so much by his social position as by his character.
A man’s value should be assessed not so much by his social position as by his character.
The true measure of a man lies more in his character than in his social standing.
Character, not social status, is the real indicator of a man's worth.



A: Everything you cook tastes really good.
B: Thanks, but I don’t think I’m as good a cook as you.
A: Everything you cook tastes really good.
B: Thanks, but I don’t think my cooking skills are on par with yours.
B: I appreciate the compliment, but I don't believe I'm as skilled a cook as you are.
Your cooking abilities surpass mine, but thank you for the compliment.




She did not look so much afraid as deeply suspicious.
She did not appear so much afraid as deeply suspicious.
Her expression reflected not so much fear as deep suspicion.
Rather than fear, she seemed to be harboring deep suspicion.



He has read as many English books as anybody in his class.
He has read as many English books as anyone in his class.
His reading extends to as many English books as any of his classmates.
He has read as much English literature as the top students in his class.




In writing songs, I’ve learned as much from Cezanne as I have from Mozart.
In writing songs, I’ve gained as much inspiration from Cezanne as from Mozart.
My songwriting has been influenced not only by Mozart but also by Cezanne.
As much as Mozart, Cezanne has played a role in shaping my songwriting.




Bob is a fast runner, but the slower of the two.
Bob is a swift runner, but he is the slower of the two.
While Bob is a fast runner, he is slower than the other person.
Among the two, Bob is the slower runner.




She knows little of science, still less of medicine.
She knows little of science, and even less of medicine.
Her knowledge of science is limited, and her understanding of medicine is even more lacking.
She is not well-versed in science, and her knowledge of medicine is even more deficient.



She is more pretty than beautiful.
Her appearance is more on the pretty side than being truly beautiful.
She possesses a more charming and pretty appearance rather than being conventionally beautiful.



The latter half of this program is rather difficult.
The latter part of this program is quite challenging.
The second half of this program presents more difficulty.
The difficulty level increases in the latter portion of this program.


今後も英語に関する情報を発信していきます。