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TEX 二井原

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英語パーソナルジム HIET(ヒート)/ High Intensity English Training

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英文法5分ドリル《 ゴールデン動詞フレーズ 》⑤

2024年2月21日

テーマ:大学入試・TOEIC・英検

コラムカテゴリ:スクール・習い事


本記事は独学・国内学習による
英検1級保持者が書きました。

《 ゴールデン動詞フレーズ 100人組手 》⑤

⑴ They (   ) on the bench.
  ① were seating 
  ② seated 
  ③ seated themselves 
  ④ were seated themselves

seat は他動詞。①②を消去。
再帰代名詞を目的語にとると,
自動詞的意味になり
 「座る」。
再帰代名詞を主語にして
 be seated
と受動態だと
 「座っている」
という状態を表す。
④は受動態だが,主語になるべき再帰代名詞が
残っているため文法的に誤り。
    単数形     複数形
1人称:myself   ー ourselves
2人称:yourself  ー yourselves
3人称:himself  ー themselves
    herself  ー themselves
    itself   ー themselves
◆ 他動詞+再帰代名詞
 ✰ enjoy oneself(楽しむ)
 ✰ dress oneself(服を着る)
 ✰ hurt oneself(傷つく)
 ✰ cut oneself(切れる)
 ✰ burn oneself(やけどをする)
 ✰ make oneself at home(くつろぐ)
 ✰ help oneself to(~を自由に取って食べる),
 ✰ pride oneself on(~を自慢する)
◆ 前置詞+再帰代名詞
 ✰ by oneself(一人で/自力で)
 ✰ for oneself(自力で)
 ✰ take care of oneself(健康に気をつける),
 ✰ say to oneself(独り言を言う/心の中で思う)
 ✰ beside oneself (with)(~のあまり我を忘れる)
正解 ③
「彼らはベンチに座った」
They seated themselves on the bench.
They took seats on the bench.
They positioned themselves on the bench.
They settled on the bench.
They occupied the bench.
They perched themselves on the bench.
They nestled on the bench.







⑵ He has decided (   ) on his painting talent.
  ① supporting 
  ② to support  
  ③ to supporting himself 
  ④ to support himself

空所の後の前置詞から自動詞が必要。
support「支える」は他動詞。
空所の中に目的語がないと他動詞として機能しない。
目的語がない①②を消去。
decideは不定詞を目的語にとるので③も不可。
⑵ 正解 ④
「彼は自分の画才で食べていく決心をした」
He has decided to support himself on his painting talent.
He has opted to rely on his painting talent for support.
He has chosen to sustain himself through his painting talent.
He has resolved to depend on his painting talent for livelihood.
He has committed to backing himself with his painting talent.
He has determined to uphold himself through his painting talent.
He has elected to bank on his painting talent for sustenance.





⑶ She frequently (   ) from home.
  ① absents   
  ② absented oneself  
  ③ absents herself   
  ④ absented

absent〈形〉「不在の」present の反意語。
また他動詞として
absent oneself (from A)
の語法がある。
アクセント移動〈名前;動後〉に要注意。
自動詞になっている①④を消去。
②はoneselfが正しい形でないので失格。
⑶ 正解 ③
「彼女はよく家をあける」
She frequently absents herself from home.
She often stays away from home.
She habitually removes herself from home.
She regularly avoids being at home.
She recurrently stays out of home.
She repeatedly keeps away from home.
She frequently avoids being present at home.







⑷ John burst out laughing (   ) himself.
  ① for     
  ② in     
  ③ of     
  ④ in spite of

burst out doing「突然~し出す」
① for oneself「独力で」
② in oneself「それ自体」
③ of oneself「自然に」
④ in spite of oneself「思わず」
⑷ 正解 ④
「ジョンは思わず吹き出した」
John burst out laughing in spite of himself.
John involuntarily burst out laughing.
John couldn't help bursting out laughing.
John spontaneously burst out laughing.
John erupted into laughter against his will.
John laughed uncontrollably despite himself.
John broke into laughter despite himself.







⑸ I can’t bring myself (   ) sashimi.
   ① attempting    
   ② to attempt    
   ③ trying    
   ④ to try

bring oneself は後に to不定詞を伴い
「~する気になる」の意。
よって①③を消去。
attempt と try はともに「~を試す」の意だが,
直後に目的語が来てこの意味になるのはtry。
通例 bring oneself to do はcannotと共に用いる。
⑸ 正解 ④
「私はお刺身を食べてみようという気になれない」
I can’t bring myself to try sashimi.
I can't muster the courage to try sashimi.
I can't force myself to try sashimi.
I can't convince myself to try sashimi.
I can't persuade myself to try sashimi.
I can't make myself try sashimi.
I can't compel myself to try sashimi.







⑹ Parents (    ) at their child’s ability to learn his native language in such a short time.
   ① alarmed     
   ② amazed     
   ③ astonished     
   ④ marveled

空所には直後のatに繋がる自動詞が必要。
amaze は be amazed at A の形はあるが他動詞で
surprise よりずっと意味が強い。
astonishも他動詞で
be astonished at A
のように受動態で用いることが多い。
alarm も他動詞で「を驚かす」の意を持ち,
be alarmed at the news
(その知らせに驚きあわてる)
のように使う。
marvelには自動詞用法があり,
marvel at his eloquence
(彼の雄弁に驚愕する)
のようにatとつながることが多い。
よって正解は④。
感情を表す動詞は原則として
〈原因〉+ 感情誘発動詞 +〈人〉
の語法の他動詞として
「人にある感情を与える」
となるため,
人を主語とした受動態で用いることが多い。
marvel は例外的に自動詞用法で用いることから
語法問題でよく焦点になる。
⑹ 正解 ④
「両親は子供の短期間での母国語習得能力に驚愕した」
Parents marveled at their child’s ability to learn his native language in such a short time.
Parents were amazed by their child's rapid acquisition of his native language.
Parents were astonished by their child's quick grasp of his native language.
Parents were impressed by their child's swift learning of his native language.
Parents were astounded by their child's speedy mastery of his native language.
Parents were surprised by their child's fast uptake of his native language.
Parents were dazzled by their child's quick progress in his native language.







⑺ The sumo wrestler (   ) in love with the singer.
   ① fall     
   ② fell     
   ③ felled     
   ④ falled

fall in love with A「Aにほれる」
fall「落ちる」の活用は
fallーfellーfallen
①は三人称単数のs がないので不適。
⑺ 正解 ②
「力士はその歌手にほれてしまった」
The sumo wrestler fell in love with the singer.
The sumo wrestler developed a romantic interest in the singer.
The sumo wrestler became enamored with the singer.
The sumo wrestler was smitten with the singer.
The sumo wrestler was captivated by the singer.
The sumo wrestler fell head over heels for the singer.
The sumo wrestler was infatuated with the singer.








⑻ The United Nations (   ) in 1945.
   ① were found   
   ② was founded   
   ③ were founded   
   ④ was found

the United Nation (UN)は国際連合,国連。
nations と複数形だが一つの機関,組織として
考えるため単数扱いであることに注意。
were が使われている①③を消去。
④はfindの受動形で文法的には成り立つが
「国連が発見された」
では意味が通らない。
「~を創設する」
を表す他動詞foundを受動態で用いた②が正解。
⑻ 正解 ②
「国連は1945年に創設された」
The United Nations was founded in 1945.
The United Nations came into existence in 1945.
The United Nations was established in 1945.
The United Nations was formed in 1945.
The United Nations began in 1945.
The United Nations originated in 1945.
The United Nations was inaugurated in 1945.







⑼ The bus fare will (   ) to 220 yen next month.
   ① rose     
   ② be risen     
   ③ be raised     
   ④ raised

rise[自動詞], raise[他動詞]の識別問題。
②は自動詞が受動態になることがないので不可。
①はrise の過去形でwillの後では使えない。
④は他動詞をそのまま使っているので失格。
他動詞を受動形にした③が正解。
なお,yen は複数形も yen でsは付かない。
◆ rise / raise
✰ 《自動詞》riseーroseーrisen
✰ 《他動詞》raiseーraisedーraised
スペリングに a が含まれていれば《他動詞》
This article is rising in price.
If you have any question, raise your hand.
◆ lie / lay
✰ 《自動詞》lie:横たわる layーlain
✰ 《自動詞》lie:嘘をつく liedーlied
✰ 《他動詞》lay:横たえる laidーlaid
He lay on the sofa.
She lied about the matter.
She laid the cups back in the cupboard.
⑼ 正解 ③
「バス料金が来月から220円に値上がりします」
The bus fare will be raised to 220 yen next month.
The bus fare is scheduled to increase to 220 yen next month.
The bus fare is set to go up to 220 yen next month.
The bus fare will climb to 220 yen next month.
The bus fare is expected to rise to 220 yen next month.
The bus fare will be elevated to 220 yen next month.
The bus fare is going to be hiked to 220 yen next month.

《アウトプット基本英文》


「彼らはベンチに座った」

They seated themselves on the bench.
They took seats on the bench.
They positioned themselves on the bench.
They settled on the bench.
They occupied the bench.
They perched themselves on the bench.
They nestled on the bench.






「彼は自分の画才で食べていく決心をした」

He has decided to support himself on his painting talent.
He has opted to rely on his painting talent for support.
He has chosen to sustain himself through his painting talent.
He has resolved to depend on his painting talent for livelihood.
He has committed to backing himself with his painting talent.
He has determined to uphold himself through his painting talent.
He has elected to bank on his painting talent for sustenance.






「彼女はよく家をあける」

She frequently absents herself from home.
She often stays away from home.
She habitually removes herself from home.
She regularly avoids being at home.
She recurrently stays out of home.
She repeatedly keeps away from home.
She frequently avoids being present at home.







「ジョンは思わず吹き出した」

John burst out laughing in spite of himself.
John involuntarily burst out laughing.
John couldn't help bursting out laughing.
John spontaneously burst out laughing.
John erupted into laughter against his will.
John laughed uncontrollably despite himself.
John broke into laughter despite himself.








「私はお刺身を食べてみようという気になれない」

I can’t bring myself to try sashimi.
I can't muster the courage to try sashimi.
I can't force myself to try sashimi.
I can't convince myself to try sashimi.
I can't persuade myself to try sashimi.
I can't make myself try sashimi.
I can't compel myself to try sashimi.







「両親は子供の短期間での母国語習得能力に驚愕した」

Parents marveled at their child’s ability to learn his native language in such a short time.
Parents were amazed by their child's rapid acquisition of his native language.
Parents were astonished by their child's quick grasp of his native language.
Parents were impressed by their child's swift learning of his native language.
Parents were astounded by their child's speedy mastery of his native language.
Parents were surprised by their child's fast uptake of his native language.
Parents were dazzled by their child's quick progress in his native language.







「力士はその歌手にほれてしまった」

The sumo wrestler fell in love with the singer.
The sumo wrestler developed a romantic interest in the singer.
The sumo wrestler became enamored with the singer.
The sumo wrestler was smitten with the singer.
The sumo wrestler was captivated by the singer.
The sumo wrestler fell head over heels for the singer.
The sumo wrestler was infatuated with the singer.







「国連は1945年に創設された」

The United Nations was founded in 1945.
The United Nations came into existence in 1945.
The United Nations was established in 1945.
The United Nations was formed in 1945.
The United Nations began in 1945.
The United Nations originated in 1945.
The United Nations was inaugurated in 1945.




◆ 著作権は本記事作成者に帰属します。
 本記事の無断流用、転記を禁じます。
今後も英語学習に関わる記事を発信していきます。
   

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TEX 二井原

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