英検1級【英単語】《脳幹浸透英文》④

本記事は独学・国内学習による
英検1級保持者が書きました。

英検の語彙問題で要求されるレベルは比較的明確です。

　・英検準1級：約7千語～9千語
　・英検1級　：約1万語～1万5千語

英検1級の場合、高いカバー率が実証されている
こちらの書籍を潰せば確実にクリアできます。

出る順で最短合格！
【英検1級単熟語EX 第2版】
（ジャパンタイムズ出版 編）



数名の英語講師が各社の単語集の〈カバー率〉を比較検証、
データ公表しています。
一番売れている「例の本」は問1でカバー率は50％にも
遥か満たないので危険です。
詳細データは例えば、
『英検　単語集　カバー率』
でググってください。

ただし、ジャパンタイムズの書籍のダウンロード音声では
日本語訳の読み上げがありません。
理想的には、英単語暗記は音声による刷り込みから始める
べきで、この点が気になる人もいるかもしれません。


私の場合は、
音声からの刷り込みがどうしても出来ないために、
問題になりません。


自分の言語脳の特性を見極めて、
最適アプローチを定めてください。


アプリを学習の中心に据える場合は、
高名な英語講師の多くが
『出た単』
の信頼性の高さを指摘しています。
英検1級問1の語彙問題対策として
強い武器になるでしょう。


いずれにせよ、
中心に据える教材を1個固定してください。
そのうえで、記憶の定着を図る場合や、
暗記した単語をアウトプットに使える
レベルに昇華させる目的でこのシリーズを
活用してください。

多くの生徒さんからのフィードバックを
踏まえて改良を重ねて創り上げています。
今までずっと曖昧だった単語でも、
身体の芯に刻まれる感覚が得れるはずです。

よっしゃ行くぞ！

英検1級【脳幹浸透英文】

最高の：supreme, foremost, primary
The safety of the passengers is paramount in our airline's policies.
乗客の安全は、当社の航空会社の方針で最も重要です。
a. Safety of the passengers is of paramount importance to our airline.
b. Our airline prioritizes the safety of passengers as paramount.
c. There is nothing more paramount in our airline than passenger safety.
d. Passenger safety stands as paramount within our airline's policies.
● paramount: extremely important or significant, utmost importance: 最重要
・of paramount importance: 最も重要な
・paramount concern: 最優先の懸念
・paramount role: 最も重要な役割
・paramount goal: 最優先目標

受動的な：inactive, submissive, compliant
Her passive attitude prevented her from seizing opportunities.
彼女の受動的な態度は、チャンスをつかむのを妨げました。
a. Opportunities were missed due to her passive demeanor.
b. Her passiveness hindered her from seizing opportunities.
c. She missed out on opportunities because of her passive attitude.
d. Due to her passive attitude, opportunities slipped away.
● passive: not taking action or actively participating
・passive voice: 受動態
・passive behavior: 受動的な行動
・passive income: 受動的収入
・passive smoking: 受動喫煙
・passive attitude: 受動的態度

知覚する：notice, discern, recognize
Some people perceive challenges as opportunities for growth.
一部の人はチャレンジを成長の機会として捉えています。
a. Some view challenges as opportunities for growth.
b. Challenges are perceived by some as chances for personal growth.
c. Certain individuals perceive challenges as growth prospects.
d. To some, challenges are seen as opportunities to grow.
● perceive: to become aware of or understand something
・perceive as: ～として知覚する
・perceive the world: 世界を認識する
・perceive differences: 違いを認識する
・perceive a threat: 脅威を感じる
・perceive the truth: 真実を理解する

危険な：dangerous, hazardous, risky
Climbing the mountain in such weather conditions was a perilous undertaking.
のような気象条件で山に登ることは危険な企てでした。
a. Climbing the mountain in such weather was a perilous endeavor.
b. The weather made mountain climbing a perilous activity.
c. It was perilous to attempt climbing the mountain in that weather.
d. The weather conditions posed a perilous challenge for mountain climbers.
● perilous: very dangerous or risky
・perilous journey: 危険な旅
・perilous situation: 危険な状況
・perilous adventure: 危険な冒険
・perilous conditions: 危険な状態
・perilous undertaking: 危険な試み

浸透する：penetrate, pervade, infiltrate
The aroma of freshly baked bread permeated the entire house.
焼き立てのパンの香りが家全体に広がっていました。
a. The aroma of fresh bread permeated every corner of the house.
b. Freshly baked bread filled the entire house with its aroma.
c. The scent of freshly baked bread spread throughout the house.
d. Every room in the house was filled with the aroma of baking bread.
● permeate: to spread throughout or penetrate something
・permeate through: 浸透する
・permeate the air: 空気を充満させる
・permeate society: 社会に広まる
・permeate every aspect: 全ての側面に行き渡る
・permeate the culture: 文化を浸透させる

永遠の：everlasting, constant, eternal
He had a perpetual smile that brightened everyone's day.
彼はいつも笑顔で、誰もが元気をもらえました。
a. He had a perpetual grin that brightened everyone's mood.
b. His perpetual smile never failed to lift everyone's spirits.
c. There was a perpetual brightness to his smile that cheered everyone.
d. His smile was a perpetual source of joy for everyone around.
● perpetual: continuing indefinitely or constantly occurring
・perpetual motion: 永久運動
・perpetual cycle: 永続サイクル
・perpetual struggle: 永遠の戦い
・perpetual growth: 永続的な成長
・perpetual challenge: 永遠の課題

当惑させる：bewilder, confuse, puzzle
The complex problem continued to perplex the researchers.
複雑な問題は、研究者たちをいつも困惑させていました。
a. The complex issue continued to perplex the researchers.
b. Researchers were still perplexed by the intricacies of the problem.
c. The complexity of the problem continued to cause confusion among researchers.
d. Researchers found themselves continuously perplexed by the intricacies of the issue.
● perplex: to confuse or puzzle someone
・perplexing question: 当惑させる質問
・perplexing issue: 当惑する問題
・perplexing problem: 当惑させる問題
・perplexing mystery: 当惑する謎
・perplexing situation: 当惑する状況

広まる：widespread, prevalent, omnipresent
The influence of social media is pervasive in today's society.
ソーシャルメディアの影響力は現代社会で浸透しています。
a. The influence of social media is pervasive in modern society.
b. Social media's influence is widespread and pervasive in today's world.
c. Pervasively, social media impacts various aspects of contemporary life.
d. Modern society is profoundly impacted by the pervasive nature of social media.
● pervasive: spreading widely throughout an area or a group
・pervasive influence: 広範な影響
・pervasive problem: 広がる問題
・pervasive presence: 広範な存在感
・pervasive nature: 普及する性質
・pervasive use: 広範な使用

古風な：charmingly old-fashioned, picturesque, unusual
They lived in a quaint little cottage by the lake.
彼らは湖畔の風変わりな小さなコテージに住んでいました。
a. They resided in a charmingly quaint lakeside cottage.
b. Their dwelling was a quaint little cottage by the lake.
c. The lakeside cottage they lived in had a quaint charm.
d. A quaint little cottage nestled by the serene lake was their home.
● quaint: charmingly old-fashioned or unique
・quaint little town: 風変わりな小さな町
・quaint old house: 古風な家
・quaint tradition: 古風な伝統
・quaint charm: 古風な魅力
・quaint custom: 風変わりな習慣

資格のある：eligible, competent, capable
She was a qualified candidate for the job, possessing extensive experience.
彼女はその仕事の有資格な候補者で、広範な経験を持っています。
a. She possessed extensive experience, making her a qualified candidate.
b. Her extensive experience qualified her as a suitable candidate.
c. Her qualifications as a candidate were based on her extensive experience.
d. Extensive experience was the qualification that made her a candidate.
● qualified: having the necessary skills or qualities for something
・qualified professional: 資格のある専門家
・qualified opinion: 資格のある意見
・qualified candidate: 資格のある候補者
・qualified approval: 条件付きの承認
・qualified success: 限定的な成功

鎮める：suppress, calm, pacify
The police tried to quell the riot before it escalated further.
警察は騒動がさらにエスカレートする前に騒動を鎮圧しようとしました。
a. The police intervened to quell the escalating riot.
b. Measures were taken by the police to quell the riot before it grew.
c. Police took swift action to quell the riot before it intensified.
d. Efforts were made by the police to quell the riot in its early stages.
● quell: to suppress or calm something, usually unrest or rebellion
・quell rebellion: 反乱を鎮圧する
・quell anger: 怒りを鎮める
・quell protests: 抗議を鎮める
・quell fears: 恐怖を抑える
・quell disturbances: 騒乱を鎮める

癖：peculiarity, oddity, eccentricity
One of her quirks was always wearing mismatched socks.
彼女の奇抜な特徴の一つは、常に不揃いの靴下を履いていることです。
a. Wearing mismatched socks was one of her endearing quirks.
b. One of her peculiar quirks was the habit of wearing mismatched socks.
c. Her habit of wearing mismatched socks was an amusing quirk.
d. Mismatched socks were just one of her many quirks.
● quirk: a peculiar or unusual characteristic
・quirky behavior: 奇抜な行動
・quirky sense of humor: 奇妙なユーモア
・quirky personality: 奇妙な性格
・quirky habit: 奇癖
・quirky style: 奇妙なスタイル

輝く：shining, glowing, brilliant
Her radiant beauty lit up the room as she entered.
彼女の輝く美しさが部屋を明るくしました。
a. As she entered, her radiant beauty illuminated the room.
b. Her entry brought a radiant beauty that lit up the room.
c. The room brightened with her entrance due to her radiant beauty.
d. Her beauty radiated and illuminated the room as she entered.
● radiant: shining brightly or showing happiness
・radiant smile: 輝く笑顔
・radiant beauty: 輝く美しさ
・radiant energy: 輝くエネルギー
・radiant glow: 輝く輝き
・radiant happiness: 輝く幸福感

蔓延する：widespread, unrestrained, unchecked
Corruption had become rampant in the political system.
腐敗は政治システムで横行していました。
a. Corruption had become rampant within the political system.
b. Rampant corruption was observed within the political framework.
c. Corruption had spread rampantly throughout the political system.
d. The political system was overrun by the rampant spread of corruption.
● rampant: widespread and uncontrollable, often negative
・rampant corruption: 蔓延する腐敗
・rampant disease: 蔓延する疾患
・rampant rumors: 広がる噂
・rampant growth: 蔓延する成長
・rampant inflation: 蔓延するインフレ

合理的な：logical, reasonable, sensible
Making a rational decision involves weighing facts and emotions.
合理的な決定をするには、事実と感情を天秤にかける必要があります。
a. Rational decision-making involves weighing facts and emotions.
b. Decision-making based on rationality considers both facts and emotions.
c. Rationality in decision-making requires a balance between facts and emotions.
d. Weighing facts and emotions is a rational approach to decision-making.
● rational: based on reason or logic
・rational decision: 合理的な判断
・rational explanation: 合理的な説明
・rational thought: 合理的な考え
・rational approach: 合理的なアプローチ
・rational behavior: 合理的な行動

叱責する：reprimand, scold, admonish
She received a rebuke from her boss for arriving late.
彼女は遅刻したことで上司から叱責を受けました。
a. She received a stern rebuke from her boss for her tardiness.
b. Her boss reprimanded her with a rebuke for being late.
c. A rebuke from her boss followed her late arrival.
d. Being late resulted in a rebuke from her boss.
● rebuke: to express sharp disapproval or criticism
・harsh rebuke: 厳しい叱責
・gentle rebuke: 穏やかな叱責
・public rebuke: 公然の叱責
・rebuke someone for: ～について叱責する
・deserved rebuke: 当然の叱責

和解させる：settle, resolve, harmonize
It took years for them to reconcile their differences and become friends again.
彼らの違いを和解して友達になるのに何年もかかりました。
a. It took them years to reconcile their differences and mend fences.
b. Years were spent trying to reconcile and repair their relationship.
c. They eventually reconciled, putting their differences aside.
d. Reconciliation and the resolution of their differences took years.
● reconcile: to make two different things compatible or resolve a disagreement
・reconcile differences: 相違点を調整する
・reconcile with: ～と和解する
・reconcile oneself to: ～に和解する
・reconcile conflicting interests: 相反する利益を調整する
・reconcile theory with practice: 理論と実践を調和させる

余分な：superfluous, excessive, unnecessary
His speech was filled with redundant phrases and unnecessary details.
彼のスピーチは冗長なフレーズと不要な詳細で満ちていました。
a. His speech was filled with redundant phrases and unnecessary details.
b. His speech contained superfluous details and redundant phrases.
c. The speech was verbose, containing redundant phrases and extra information.
d. Redundant phrases and unnecessary details cluttered his speech.
● redundant: unnecessary or excessive
・redundant information: 冗長な情報
・redundant words: 冗長な言葉
・redundant system: 冗長システム
・declare redundant: 余剰解雇する
・make redundant: 解雇する

精練する：improve, purify, polish
The company continually seeks to refine its production processes.
会社は生産プロセスを継続的に洗練させようとしています。
a. The company aims to continually refine its production processes.
b. Continuous refinement of production processes is the company's goal.
c. The company's objective is the ongoing refinement of production methods.
d. The focus is on refining the company's production processes.
● refine: to improve or purify something
・refine a process: プロセスを改善する
・refine skills: スキルを磨く
・refine technique: テクニックを練る
・refine oil: 石油を精製する
・refine ideas: アイディアを練る

政体：government, administration, rule
The new regime implemented several policy changes.
新しい政権はいくつかの政策変更を実施しました。
a. The new regime implemented several policy changes.
b. Several policy changes were introduced by the new regime.
c. The new regime brought about numerous policy alterations.
d. Under the new regime, policy changes were implemented.
● regime: a system or government in power
・authoritarian regime: 権威主義政権
・oppressive regime: 抑圧的な政権
・totalitarian regime: 全体主義政権
・change of regime: 政権交代
・the regime's policies: 政権の政策

放棄する：give up, abandon, surrender
He had to reluctantly relinquish control of the project.
彼はプロジェクトの管理をためらいながらも手放さなければなりませんでした。
a. He had to reluctantly relinquish control of the project.
b. Reluctantly, he let go of control of the project.
c. Letting go of control over the project was a reluctant decision for him.
d. With reluctance, he surrendered control of the project.
● relinquish: to give up or let go of something
・relinquish control: 統制を放棄する
・relinquish power: 権力を放棄する
・relinquish ownership: 所有権を放棄する
・reluctantly relinquish: ためらいながら放棄する
・voluntarily relinquish: 自主的に放棄する

気が進まない：hesitant, unwilling, disinclined
She was reluctant to join the team due to her busy schedule.
彼女は忙しいスケジュールのため、チームに参加することをためらっていました。
a. Due to her busy schedule, she was reluctant to join the team.
b. Reluctantly, she declined the team's invitation due to her schedule.
c. Her busy schedule made her reluctant to join the team.
d. She hesitated to join the team because of her packed schedule.
● reluctant: hesitant or unwilling to do something
・reluctant: Unwilling or hesitant to do something.
・reluctant to change: 変更をためらう
・reluctant acceptance: 渋々の受け入れ
・reluctant participant: 気が進まない参加者
・reluctant agreement: 渋々の合意
・reluctantly agreed to: 渋々同意した

弾力のある：flexible, durable, tough
Despite facing adversity, she remained resilient and optimistic.
逆境に直面しても、彼女は回復力があり楽観的でした。
a. Despite adversity, she remained resilient and optimistic.
b. Her resilience allowed her to stay positive despite challenges.
c. Remaining resilient and optimistic despite challenges was her strength.
d. She showcased resilience by staying optimistic despite hardships.
resilient: Able to recover quickly from difficult conditions or setbacks.
● resilient: able to recover quickly from difficulties
・resilient economy: 弾力のある経済
・resilient material: 弾力性のある素材
・resilient nature: 回復力のある性質
・resilient spirit: 回復力のある精神
・resilient recovery: しぶとい回復

共鳴する：echo, reverberate, resound
His words resonated with the audience, inspiring them deeply.
彼の言葉は聴衆に共感し、彼らを深く感動させました。
a. His words resonated deeply with the audience, inspiring them.
b. The audience was deeply moved by his words, which resonated.
c. His words had a profound impact and resonated with the audience.
d. The audience was touched by his words, which resonated strongly.
resonate: To evoke a strong feeling or memory; to produce a deep, full sound.
● resonate: to evoke a strong feeling or response
・resonate with: ～と共鳴する
・resonate deeply: 深く響く
・resonate emotionally: 感情的に共鳴する
・resonate with people: 人々と共感する
・resonate throughout: ～に渡って響く

機転の利く：ingenious, inventive, clever
He's incredibly resourceful, always finding solutions to problems.
彼は非常に創意工夫に富み、常に問題の解決策を見つけます。
a. He's known for being incredibly resourceful and finding solutions.
b. His reputation stems from his ability to be resourceful and find solutions.
c. Being incredibly resourceful, he always finds solutions.
d. His knack for finding solutions makes him incredibly resourceful.
resourceful: Skilled at finding quick and clever ways to overcome difficulties.
● resourceful: skilled at finding solutions in difficult situations
・resourceful person: 機転の利く人
・resourceful solutions: 巧妙な解決策
・resourceful approach: 巧みなアプローチ
・resourceful thinking: 機転の利く考え方
・resourceful use of materials: 素材の巧みな利用

厳格な：strict, severe, demanding
The training program was rigorous but highly effective.
そのトレーニングプログラムは厳格でありながら非常に効果的でした。
a. The training program was rigorous yet highly effective.
b. The program's effectiveness stemmed from its rigorous nature.
c. Rigorous training led to high effectiveness in the program.
d. Its effectiveness was a result of the program's rigorousness.
rigorous: Extremely thorough, accurate, or demanding.
● rigorous: strict, thorough, or demanding
・rigorous testing: 厳密なテスト
・rigorous analysis: 徹底的な分析
・rigorous standards: 厳格な基準
・rigorous exercise: 過酷な運動
・rigorous enforcement: 厳格な施行

強健な：strong, sturdy, vigorous
A robust immune system helps fight off infections.
頑健な免疫システムは感染症と戦うのに役立ちます。
a. A robust immune system is crucial for fighting infections.
b. For fighting infections, a strong immune system is necessary.
c. Fighting infections requires a robust immune system.
d. The body needs a robust immune system to fight infections.
robust: Strong and healthy; sturdy or vigorous.
● robust: strong, healthy, or vigorous
・robust system: 頑健なシステム
・robust economy: 強固な経済
・robust performance: 強力なパフォーマンス
・robust health: 強健な健康
・robust response: 強力な対応

サボタージュ：sabotage, subversion, undermining
It was evident someone had attempted to sabotage the experiment.
誰かが実験を妨害しようとしたのが明らかでした。
a. It was evident someone had attempted to sabotage the experiment.
b. Evidence pointed to someone trying to sabotage the experiment.
c. Signs suggested an attempt to sabotage the experiment.
d. Someone's attempt to sabotage the experiment was evident.
● sabotage: to deliberately destroy or disrupt something
・commit sabotage: サボタージュを行う
・industrial sabotage: 産業スパイ行為
・sabotage efforts: サボタージュ行為
・prevent sabotage: サボタージュを防ぐ
・deliberate sabotage: 故意のサボタージュ

聖域：refuge, haven, shelter
The garden was her sanctuary, a place of peace and tranquility.
その庭は彼女の聖域であり、平和と静けさの場でした。
a. The garden was her sanctuary, a peaceful retreat.
b. Her sanctuary was the garden, a place of peace and calm.
c. For her, the garden was a sanctuary offering peace.
d. A place of peace and tranquility for her was the garden sanctuary.
● sanctuary: a safe or sacred place
・wildlife sanctuary: 野生生物保護区
・sanctuary city: 被保護都市
・find sanctuary: 保護を見つける
・seek sanctuary: 保護を求める
・create a sanctuary: 保護区を作る

飽和させる：soak, drench, saturate
Heavy rainfall caused the ground to saturate quickly.
大雨で地面が急速に飽和しました。
a. Heavy rainfall caused the ground to saturate quickly.
b. The ground became saturated rapidly due to heavy rain.
c. Rapid saturation of the ground was caused by heavy rainfall.
d. The ground quickly became saturated from the heavy rain.
● saturate: to completely soak or fill something
・fully saturate: 完全に浸す
・saturate the market: 市場を飽和させる
・saturate with information: 情報を飽和させる
・saturate a cloth: 布を浸す
・saturate with color: 色で満たす

綿密に調べる：examine closely, inspect, analyze
Investors meticulously scrutinize financial reports before investing.
投資する前に投資家は財務報告書を細部まで吟味します。
a. Investors meticulously scrutinize financial reports before investing.
b. Scrutinizing financial reports is key for investors before investing.
c. Meticulous scrutiny of financial reports precedes investment.
d. Before investing, financial reports are meticulously scrutinized.
● scrutinize: to examine or inspect closely
・carefully scrutinize: 注意深く調査する
・closely scrutinize: 綿密に精査する
・rigorously scrutinize: 厳密に検証する
・thoroughly scrutinize: 徹底的に精査する
・publicly scrutinize: 公に検証する

分離する：separate, isolate, divide
The policy aimed to segregate waste for recycling purposes.
政策はリサイクル目的で廃棄物を分別することを目指しています。
a. The policy aimed to segregate waste for recycling purposes.
b. Waste segregation was the primary goal of the policy.
c. The policy's primary objective was waste segregation.
d. The policy's focus was on segregating waste for recycling.
● segregate: to separate or isolate based on differences
・segregate by race: 人種別に分ける
・segregate communities: コミュニティを分離する
・segregate waste: 廃棄物を分別する
・segregate into categories: カテゴリー別に分ける
・segregate from society: 社会から隔離する

穏やかな：calm, tranquil, peaceful
The view of the sunset over the ocean was incredibly serene.
海の夕日の景色は非常に穏やかでした。
a. The view of the sunset over the ocean was incredibly serene.
b. Incredibly serene was the view of the ocean at sunset.
c. The sunset view over the ocean provided a sense of serenity.
d. Serenity was felt while observing the ocean's sunset view.
● serene: calm, peaceful, and untroubled
・serene atmosphere: 静かな雰囲気
・serene environment: 穏やかな環境
・serene landscape: 静謐な風景
・be in a serene state: 穏やかな状態にある
・serene smile: 穏やかな笑顔

同時の：concurrent, synchronous, simultaneous
The conference had simultaneous translation in multiple languages.
会議では複数の言語で同時通訳が行われました。
a. The conference offered simultaneous translation in multiple languages.
b. Multiple language translations were offered simultaneously at the conference.
c. Simultaneous translations in various languages were provided at the conference.
d. Conference attendees received simultaneous translations in multiple languages.
● simultaneous: occurring at the same time
・simultaneous events: 同時イベント
・simultaneous translation: 同時通訳
・simultaneous occurrence: 同時発生
・simultaneous action: 同時行動
・simultaneous release: 同時リリース

懐疑的な：doubtful, incredulous, suspicious
She remained skeptical until she saw concrete evidence.
彼女は具体的な証拠を見るまで懐疑的でした。
a. She remained skeptical until concrete evidence was presented.
b. Skepticism persisted until substantial evidence was presented.
c. Only concrete evidence could dispel her skepticism.
d. Her skepticism only lessened with the presentation of solid evidence.
● skeptical: doubtful or not easily convinced
・deeply skeptical: 強い懐疑的
・remain skeptical: 懐疑的なままでいる
・naturally skeptical: 自然に懐疑的
・highly skeptical: 非常に懐疑的
・understandably skeptical: 当然懐疑的

具体的な：concrete, palpable, perceptible
The company aims to provide tangible benefits to its employees.
その会社は従業員に具体的な利益を提供することを目指しています。
a. The company aims to provide tangible benefits to its employees.
b. Tangible employee benefits are the company's priority.
c. The company's priority is providing tangible employee benefits.
d. Employee welfare through tangible benefits is a company focus.
● tangible: able to be touched or easily understood
・tangible evidence: 具体的証拠
・tangible results: 具体的な結果
・tangible benefits: 具体的な利点
・tangible asset: 有形資産
・make tangible: 具体化する

退屈な：boring, monotonous, dull
The repetitive tasks made the job tedious and monotonous.
単調で退屈な仕事はこの仕事を退屈なものにしました。
a. The repetitive tasks made the job a tedious chore.
b. The job became tedious due to its repetitive nature.
c. Tediousness stemmed from the job's repetitive tasks.
d. Repetition turned the job into a tedious chore.
● tedious: boring or tiresome due to repetition
・extremely tedious: 非常に退屈な
・find it tedious: つまらないと感じる
・long and tedious: 長くて退屈な
・become tedious: 退屈になる
・tedious task: 退屈な仕事

固執する：persistent, determined, resolute
Her tenacious attitude helped her persevere through difficult times.
彼女の粘り強い態度は彼女を困難な時期を乗り越えさせました。
a. Her tenacious attitude helped her persevere through tough times.
b. Perseverance during tough times was due to her tenacious attitude.
c. She persevered through challenges with her tenacious spirit.
d. Her ability to persevere was due to her tenacious nature.
● tenacious: determined, persistent, or stubborn
・tenacious grip: 頑強な握り
・tenacious spirit: 頑強な精神
・tenacious fighter: 強固な戦士
・tenacious advocate: 粘り強い支持者
・tenacious effort: 不屈の努力

仮の：provisional, temporary, experimental
They made tentative plans for their vacation, not yet finalized.
彼らはまだ最終決定されていない仮の計画を立てました。
a. They made tentative plans for their vacation, not yet finalized.
b. Plans for the vacation were tentative and subject to change.
c. Vacation plans were tentative, awaiting finalization.
d. Not yet confirmed were the tentative vacation plans.
● tentative: not certain or fixed, provisional
・tentative plan: 仮の計画
・tentative agreement: 仮の合意
・tentative steps: 仮のステップ
・take tentative steps: 仮のステップを踏む
・tentative decision: 仮の決定

簡潔な：concise, brief, succinct
His responses were typically terse, conveying only essential information.
彼の返答は典型的には簡潔で、本質的な情報しか伝えません。
a. His responses were typically terse, conveying only essential information.
b. Only essential information was conveyed in his typically terse responses.
c. Conveying only essentials, his responses were typically terse.
d. His typical responses were terse, focusing on essentials.
● terse: brief and to the point, sometimes seeming rude
・terse reply: 簡潔な返事
・be terse: 簡潔である
・terse communication: 簡潔なコミュニケーション
・terse language: 扼要な言葉
・respond in a terse manner: 簡潔なやり取りをする

繁栄する：flourish, prosper, succeed
Some plants thrive in tropical climates.
一部の植物は熱帯気候で繁栄します。
a. Some plants thrive in tropical climates due to their adaptability.
b. The adaptability of certain plants enables them to thrive in tropical climates.
c. Tropical climates allow certain plants to thrive due to their adaptability.
d. Adaptability in tropical climates helps certain plants thrive.
● thrive: to grow or develop vigorously
・business thrive: ビジネスが繁栄する
・thrive on challenges: 課題を克服する
・thrive in competition: 競争で成功する
・plants thrive: 植物が繁茂する
・thrive in difficult situations: 難しい状況で成功する

一時的な：temporary, fleeting, passing
The beauty of the sunset is transient but unforgettable.
夕日の美しさは一時的ですが、忘れられません。
a. The beauty of the sunset is transient but unforgettable.
b. Though transient, the sunset's beauty leaves an unforgettable impression.
c. The sunset's fleeting beauty is unforgettable.
d. Unforgettable is the brief beauty of the sunset.
● transient: temporary or short-lived
・transient nature: 一時的な性質
・transient state: 一時的状態
・transient visitor: 一時的訪問者
・transient effect: 一時的影響
・transient period: 一時的期間

透明な：clear, see-through, translucent
The company aims to be transparent about its operations.
その会社は自身の運営について透明性を持つことを目指しています。
a. The company aims to be transparent about its operations.
b. Transparency in operations is a goal for the company.
c. The company's goal is transparency in its operations.
d. Operation transparency is the company's objective.
● transparent: clear or easily understood, not hidden
・transparent process: 透明なプロセス
・transparent policy: 透明な政策
・transparent material: 透明な素材
・transparent explanation: 明快な説明
・transparent communication: 透明なコミュニケーション

裏切りの：untrustworthy, deceitful, unreliable
The mountain path was treacherous, full of hidden dangers.
山の道は裏切りがある隠れた危険でした。
a. The mountain path was treacherous, full of hidden dangers.
b. Hidden dangers made the mountain path treacherous.
c. The mountain path was riddled with treacherous hidden hazards.
d. Treacherous dangers lurked on the mountain path.
● treacherous: hazardous or dangerous, often deceitful
・treacherous terrain: 危険な地形
・treacherous road: 危険な道
・treacherous conditions: 危険な状況
・treacherous waters: 危険な水域
・treacherous path: 危険な経路

ささいな：unimportant, insignificant, trivial
He dismissed the issue as trivial and not worth discussing.
彼はその問題を些細なものとし、議論するに値しないと言いました。
a. He dismissed the issue as trivial and not worth discussing.
b. The matter was deemed trivial and unworthy of discussion.
c. It was considered trivial and not deserving of discussion.
d. Triviality made it unfit for discussion.
● trivial: of little importance or significance
・trivial matter: 取るに足らない問題
・trivial details: 些細な詳細
・seem trivial: 取るに足らないように見える
・trivial pursuit: 些細な追求
・trivial incident: 取るに足らない出来事

荒れ狂った：stormy, tumultuous, chaotic
The political situation in the country was turbulent, causing unrest.
その国の政治状況は不安定で、不安を引き起こしています。
a. The political situation in the country was turbulent, causing unrest.
b. Turbulent times caused unrest in the country's political landscape.
c. The country faced unrest due to its turbulent political situation.
d. Political turbulence caused unrest within the country.
● turbulent: characterized by conflict, disorder, or agitation
・turbulent times: 動乱の時代
・turbulent history: 動乱の歴史
・turbulent period: 動乱の時期
・turbulent waters: 荒れ狂う水域
・turbulent relationship: 荒れ模様の関係

暴君：dictator, autocrat, oppressor
The dictator ruled the country with an iron fist, known as a tyrant.
独裁者は鉄の手で国を統治し、暴君として知られています。
a. The dictator ruled the country with an iron fist, known as a tyrant.
b. He was known as a tyrant for ruling the country oppressively.
c. His oppressive rule earned him the title of a tyrant.
d. A tyrant, he ruled the country with an iron hand.
● tyrant: a cruel and oppressive ruler or person in power
・ruthless tyrant: 無慈悲な独裁者
・oppressive tyrant: 抑圧的な専制者
・cruel tyrant: 残酷な専制者
・despotic tyrant: 横暴な独裁者
・tyrant ruler: 専制的な支配者

どこにでもある：everywhere, omnipresent, universal
Smartphones have become ubiquitous in our daily lives.
スマートフォンは私たちの日常生活に普及しています。
a. Smartphones have become ubiquitous in our daily lives.
b. Ubiquity characterizes the presence of smartphones in our lives.
c. The presence of smartphones is ubiquitous in our everyday lives.
d. In our daily lives, smartphones are ubiquitous.
● ubiquitous: present or found everywhere
・ubiquitous presence: 遍在する存在
・ubiquitous use: あらゆる場所での利用
・ubiquitous nature: 至る所に存在する性質
・ubiquitous technology: どこでも使われる技術
・ubiquitous in society: 社会に普遍的に存在する

究極の：final, eventual, ultimate
His ultimate goal was to create a positive impact on society.
彼の究極の目標は社会へのポジティブな影響を作り出すことでした。
He aimed for a final outcome: creating a positive impact on society.
His ultimate aspiration was to foster a positive impact on society.
The endgame he pursued was to generate a positive influence on society.
Creating a positive impact on society stood as his ultimate goal.
● ultimate: the final or greatest in a series
・ultimate goal: 最終目標
・ultimate solution: 究極の解決策
・ultimate outcome: 最終的結果
・ultimate decision: 最終決定
・ultimate purpose: 究極の目的

満場一致の：united, in complete agreement, undisputed
The board members were unanimous in their decision.
彼らの決定は全員一致でした。
The board members stood united, all in agreement regarding their decision.
With unanimity, the board members reached their decision.
In complete accord, the board members made their unanimous decision.
Their decision was characterized by a unanimous agreement among board members.
● unanimous: fully in agreement by everyone involved
・unanimous decision: 満場一致の決定
・unanimous agreement: 満場一致の合意
・unanimous support: 満場一致の支持
・unanimous vote: 満場一致の投票
・unanimous consent: 満場一致の同意

英検1級【必須語彙リスト】

abandon:
放棄する：forsake, desert, renounce

abbreviation:
省略：shortening, contraction, acronym

abhor:
嫌悪する：detest, loathe, despise

abrupt:
突然の：sudden, immediate, unexpected

absorb:
吸収する：assimilate, soak up, engross

abundant:
豊富な：plentiful, copious, ample

accelerate:
加速する：speed up, quickened, hasten

accessible:
アクセス可能な：available, reachable, attainable

accommodate:
収容する：house, lodge, hold

acknowledge:
認める：admit, recognize, accept

acquire:
獲得する：gain, attain, obtain

adhere:
固執する：stick, cling, attach

adjacent:
隣接する：neighboring, contiguous, adjoining

administer:

管理する：manage, direct, oversee
admire:

賞賛する：respect, esteem, idolize

advocate:
主張する：support, champion, promote

affluent:
裕福な：wealthy, prosperous, rich

aggravate:
悪化させる：worsen, exacerbate, intensify

agility:
俊敏性：nimbleness, dexterity, quickness

alleviate:
軽減する：relieve, ease, mitigate

allocate:
割り当てる：assign, apportion, distribute

allure:
魅了する：attract, entice, captivate

ambiguous:
曖昧な：uncertain, vague, unclear

amplify:
増幅する：enlarge, magnify, intensify

anguish:
苦悩：agony, torment, distress

annex:
併合する：acquire, incorporate, add

anticipate:
予期する：expect, foresee, predict

apex:
頂点：summit, peak, zenith

apprehend:
理解する：understand, grasp, comprehend

arbitrary:
恣意的な：random, capricious, discretionary

arid:
不毛な：dry, barren, parched

articulate:
明瞭に述べる：express, enunciate, pronounce

ascend:
上昇する：rise, climb, mount

ascertain:
確かめる：confirm, verify, determine

assail:
襲う：attack, assault, strike

assess:
評価する：evaluate, appraise, estimate

asset:
資産：property, possession, investment

assimilate:
同化する：absorb, integrate, incorporate

astute:
機敏な：clever, shrewd, perceptive

authentic:
本物の：genuine, real, legitimate

authoritative:
権威ある：official, commanding, decisive

autonomous:
自律的な：independent, self-governing, sovereign

avid:
熱心な：enthusiastic, eager, passionate

banish:
追放する：exile, expel, oust

barren:
不毛な：unproductive, infertile, desolate

beckon:
手招きする：signal, summon, gesture

belittle:
軽蔑する：disparage, scorn, ridicule

benevolent:
慈悲深い：kind, compassionate, charitable

bewilder:
当惑させる：confuse, perplex, baffle

biased:
偏った：partial, prejudiced, one-sided

bleak:
荒涼とした：desolate, dreary, barren

bliss:
至福：joy, happiness, ecstasy

bold:
大胆な：daring, courageous, fearless

boycott:
ボイコット：ban, embargo, protest

brim:
縁：edge, rim, border

brittle:
脆い：fragile, delicate, breakable

candid:
率直な：frank, honest, straightforward

captivate:
魅了する：charm, enchant, fascinate

catastrophe:
大惨事：disaster, calamity, tragedy

censor:
検閲する：censure, suppress, edit

chaotic:
混沌とした：disorderly, confused, tumultuous

cherish:
大切にする：treasure, value, adore

coerce:
強制する：compel, force, pressure

cohesive:
粘着性の：unified, interconnected, adhesive

commemorate:
記念する：celebrate, memorialize, honor

commendable:
賞賛に値する：admirable, praiseworthy, laudable

compatible:
互換性のある：harmonious, congruent, consistent

compulsory:
強制的な：mandatory, obligatory, required

concise:
簡潔な：brief, succinct, terse

confiscate:
没収する：seize, expropriate, impound

confront:
直面する：face, encounter, challenge

congested:
混雑した：crowded, packed, jammed

conscientious:
良心的な：scrupulous, diligent, meticulous

consecrate:
神聖化する：bless, sanctify, dedicate

contemplate:
熟考する：consider, ponder, reflect

contemporary:
現代の：modern, current, present-day

contradict:
矛盾する：deny, oppose, refute

controversy:
論争：dispute, debate, contention

converge:
一点に集中する：come together, meet, merge

convict:
有罪とする：condemn, sentence, imprison

correlate:
相関する：associate, relate, correspond

courteous:
礼儀正しい：polite, respectful, civil

crucial:
重大な：critical, essential, pivotal

cultivate:
耕す：farm, nurture, develop

cumbersome:
手間のかかる：awkward, unwieldy, bulky

cunning:
ずる賢い：clever, sly, crafty

curtail:
削減する：reduce, diminish, cut back

daunting:
ひるむような：intimidating, discouraging, frightening

debunk:
批判する：expose, discredit, refute

deceitful:
人を惑わす：dishonest, fraudulent, deceptive

decipher:
解読する：decode, interpret, translate

deficiency:
欠陥：shortage, insufficiency, lack

deflect:
そらす：avert, divert, deviate

degrade:
低下させる：debase, deteriorate, lower

delude:
欺く：deceive, mislead, trick

demote:
降格する：downgrade, reduce, lower in rank

denote:
示す：indicate, represent, signify

depict:
描写する： portray, represent, illustrate

deplete:
枯渇させる：exhaust, drain, use up

depict:
描写する：portray, represent, illustrate

desolate:
荒廃した：barren, deserted, bleak

detain:
引き留める：confine, retain, hold

deter:
思いとどまらせる：discourage, prevent, dissuade

detrimental:
有害な：harmful, damaging, adverse

devout:
信心深い：religious, pious, devout

diminish:
減少する：decrease, reduce, lessen

discern:
識別する：perceive, recognize, distinguish

disclose:
明らかにする：reveal, expose, unveil

discontent:
不満：discontentment, dissatisfaction, displeasure

discourse:
議論：discussion, conversation, dialogue

disgruntled:
不満な：discontented, displeased, unhappy

dismantle:
分解する：take apart, disassemble, deconstruct

dispatch:
急送する：send, transmit, forward

dispel:
払拭する：drive away, banish, eliminate

dispense:
分配する：distribute, administer, allocate

dispute:
論争：argument, disagreement, debate

disseminate:
普及させる：spread, circulate, propagate

dissipate:
らす：disperse, scatter, dissolve

distinct:
明確な：clear, definite, separate

distinguish:
区別する：differentiate, discern, separate

distress:
苦悩：anguish, suffering, hardship

diverge:
分岐する：deviate, differ, branch off

diverse:
多様な：varied, assorted, heterogeneous

divert:
そらす：distract, redirect, sidetrack

divulge:
暴露する：reveal, disclose, expose

dormant:
休眠中の：inactive, asleep, latent

dubious:
疑わしい：doubtful, uncertain, suspicious

dwell:
居住する：reside, live, inhabit

dynamic:
動的な：energetic, active, vibrant

eclipse:
日食：obscure, overshadow, outshine

eclectic:
折衷的な：varied, diverse, mixed

edify:
啓発する：enlighten, educate, instruct

eerie:
不気味な：creepy, spooky, uncanny

elicit:
引き出す：draw out, evoke, extract

eloquent:
雄弁な：articulate, expressive, persuasive

elucidate:
明らかにする：clarify, explain, illuminate

embark:
乗り出す：begin, start, initiate

embody:
具体化する：personify, incarnate, represent

emulate:
競う：imitate, mimic, rival

encompass:
取り囲む：enfold, surround, encircle

endorse:
支持する：approve, support, sanction

endure:
耐える：tolerate, withstand, persevere

enigmatic:
謎めいた：mysterious, puzzling, cryptic

enlighten:
啓発する：educate, inform, illuminate

envision:
想像する：imagine, visualize, envisage

epitome:
典型：embodiment, essence, quintessence

eradicate:
根絶する：eliminate, exterminate, obliterate

erratic:
不規則な：unpredictable, irregular, inconsistent

escalate:
拡大する：intensify, increase, escalate

esoteric:
難解な：abstruse, obscure, arcane

esteem:
尊敬：respect, admiration, regard

evade:
回避する：avoid, escape, elude

evoke:
呼び起こす：arouse, elicit, summon

exacerbate:
悪化させる：aggravate, worsen, intensify

excel:
優れる：outshine, surpass, outperform

exemplify:
具体例を挙げる：illustrate, demonstrate, represent

exhaustive:
徹底的な：comprehensive, thorough, complete

exhilarating:
興奮させる：exciting, thrilling, stimulating

expedite:
促進する：accelerate, facilitate, speed up

exploit:
活用する：utilize, use, take advantage of

extol:
褒め称える：praise, laud, acclaim

extravagant:
浪費な：lavish, wasteful, excessive

facilitate:
促進する：ease, assist, enable

fallacy:
謬誤：misconception, error, misconception

falter:
ためらう：hesitate, waver, stumble

fastidious:
潔癖な：meticulous, precise, exacting

feasible:
実行可能な：possible, achievable, viable

fervent:
熱心な：ardent, passionate, zealous

fidelity:
忠実さ：loyalty, faithfulness, devotion

figurative:
比喩的な：metaphorical, symbolic, allegorical

flabbergasted:
びっくり仰天した：astonished, amazed, shocked

flagrant:
露骨な：glaring, obvious, blatant

fluctuate:
変動する：vary, oscillate, change

formidable:
手ごわい：intimidating, impressive, challenging

foster:
育成する：nurture, encourage, promote

fragile:
壊れやすい：delicate, breakable, frail

frivolous:
軽薄な：silly, trivial, frivolous

frugal:
質素な：thrifty, economical, sparing

futile:
無駄な：useless, pointless, fruitless

galvanize:
刺激する：motivate, stimulate, excite

genre:
ジャンル：category, style, type

genuine:
本物の：authentic, real, true

ghastly:
恐ろしい：horrifying, dreadful, terrifying

gist:
要点：essence, core, main point

glaring:
ぎらぎら光る：dazzling, blinding, shining

glamorous:
魅力的な：attractive, alluring, captivating

glean:
取り集める：gather, collect, accumulate

glimmer:
かすかな光：faint light, shimmer, sparkle

global:
世界的な：worldwide, international, global

gratify:
喜ばせる：satisfy, please, indulge

grim:
厳しい：harsh, stern, bleak

gruesome:
恐ろしい：horrible, terrifying, gruesome

guarantee:
保証する：ensure, assure, promise

harbor:
かくまう：shelter, harbor, protect

harmonious:
調和のとれた：peaceful, balanced, agreeable

haste:
急ぐこと：hurry, rush, speed

hazard:
危険：risk, danger, threat

heed:
注意を払う：pay attention, listen, heed

hereditary:
遺伝的な：inherited, genetic, passed down

hinder:
妨げる：impede, obstruct, hamper

holistic:
全体的な：comprehensive, complete, whole

homage:
敬意：respect, tribute, honor

homogeneous:
同質の：uniform, identical, consistent

humane:
人道的な：compassionate, kind, merciful

humble:
謙虚な：modest, unpretentious, humble
hybrid:

ハイブリッド：mixture, combination, crossbreed

hypothetical:
仮説の：speculative, theoretical, assumed

identical:
同一の：same, indistinguishable, identical

ideology:
イデオロギー：belief, doctrine, philosophy

ignite:
点火する：light, kindle, spark

illuminate:
照らす：lighten, brighten, clarify

imminent:
差し迫った：impending, forthcoming, looming

immunity:
免疫：resistance, protection, immunity

impair:
損なう：weaken, damage, undermine

impartial:
公平な：fair, unbiased, neutral

imperative:
必須の：essential, necessary, crucial

impetus:
勢い：momentum, drive, stimulus

implement:
実行する：execute, perform, carry out

imply:
暗示する：suggest, hint, insinuate

impose:
課す：enforce, levy, dictate

jeopardize: 危
険にさらす：endanger, risk, threaten

jest:
冗談：joke, gag, prank

jettison:
投棄する：discard, dump, abandon

jocular:
滑稽な：humorous, witty, playful

jubilant:
歓喜に満ちた：joyful, ecstatic, exuberant

judicious:
思慮深い：wise, sensible, prudent

juxtapose:
並置する：place side by side, compare, contrast

keen:
鋭い：sharp, acute, intense

kinetic:
運動の：moving, dynamic, active

knack:
才能：skill, talent, ability

knotty:
わかりにくい：complex, intricate, difficult

laudable:
賞賛に値する：commendable, praiseworthy, admirable

lavish:
気前の良い：extravagant, abundant, generous

lethargic:
無気力な：sluggish, drowsy, apathetic

linger:
ぐずぐずする：loiter, dawdle, procrastinate

lofty:
高尚な：elevated, noble, grand

lucid:
明瞭な：clear, understandable, coherent

magnanimous:
寛大な：generous, noble, forgiving

malaise:
不安：unease, discomfort, anxiety

malicious:
悪意のある：spiteful, malevolent, hostile

manifest:
明白な：evident, obvious, apparent

marred:
損なわれた：damaged, impaired, spoiled

meager:
貧弱な：scanty, inadequate, sparse

meddle:
干渉する：interfere, intrude, intervene

meander:
曲がりくねる：wander, roam, drift

naive:
世間知らずの：innocent, unsophisticated, inexperienced

negate:
否定する：deny, nullify, invalidate

negligible:
取るに足らない：insignificant, trivial, minor

nonchalant:
無関心な：casual, indifferent, unconcerned

nostalgia:
ノスタルジア：longing, reminiscence, homesickness

notorious:
悪名高い：infamous, notorious, disreputable

nuance:
ニュアンス：subtlety, shade, distinction

nurture:
育む：care for, foster, cultivate

obliterate:
完全に破壊する：destroy, erase, annihilate

obscure:
不明瞭な：vague, unclear, ambiguous

obsolete:
時代遅れの：outdated, old-fashioned, antiquated

obstruct:
遮る：block, hinder, impede

ominous:
不吉な：threatening, foreboding, sinister

opaque:
不透明な：non-transparent, cloudy, obscure

opportune:
適切な：timely, favorable, convenient

paramount:
最高の：supreme, foremost, primary

passive:
受動的な：inactive, submissive, compliant

perceive:
知覚する：notice, discern, recognize

perilous:
危険な：dangerous, hazardous, risky

permeate:
浸透する：penetrate, pervade, infiltrate

perpetual:
永遠の：everlasting, constant, eternal

perplex:
当惑させる：bewilder, confuse, puzzle

pervasive:
広まる：widespread, prevalent, omnipresent

quaint:
古風な：charmingly old-fashioned, picturesque, unusual

qualified:
資格のある：eligible, competent, capable

quell:
鎮める：suppress, calm, pacify

quirk:
癖：peculiarity, oddity, eccentricity

radiant:
輝く：shining, glowing, brilliant

rampant:
蔓延する：widespread, unrestrained, unchecked

rational:
合理的な：logical, reasonable, sensible

rebuke:
叱責する：reprimand, scold, admonish

reconcile:
和解させる：settle, resolve, harmonize

redundant:
余分な：superfluous, excessive, unnecessary

refine:
精練する：improve, purify, polish

regime:
政体：government, administration, rule

relinquish:
放棄する：give up, abandon, surrender

reluctant:
気が進まない：hesitant, unwilling, disinclined

resilient:
弾力のある：flexible, durable, tough

resonate:
共鳴する：echo, reverberate, resound

resourceful:
機転の利く：ingenious, inventive, clever

rigorous:
厳格な：strict, severe, demanding

robust:
強健な：strong, sturdy, vigorous

sabotage:
サボタージュ：sabotage, subversion, undermining

sanctuary:
聖域：refuge, haven, shelter

saturate:
飽和させる：soak, drench, saturate

scrutinize:
綿密に調べる：examine closely, inspect, analyze

segregate:
分離する：separate, isolate, divide

serene:
穏やかな：calm, tranquil, peaceful

simultaneous:
同時の：concurrent, synchronous, simultaneous

skeptical:
懐疑的な：doubtful, incredulous, suspicious

tangible:
具体的な：concrete, palpable, perceptible

tedious:
退屈な：boring, monotonous, dull

tenacious:
固執する：persistent, determined, resolute

tentative:
仮の：provisional, temporary, experimental

terse:
簡潔な：concise, brief, succinct

thrive:
繁栄する：flourish, prosper, succeed

transient:
一時的な：temporary, fleeting, passing

transparent:
透明な：clear, see-through, translucent

treacherous:
裏切りの：untrustworthy, deceitful, unreliable

trivial:
ささいな：unimportant, insignificant, trivial

turbulent:
荒れ狂った：stormy, tumultuous, chaotic

tyrant:
暴君：dictator, autocrat, oppressor

ubiquitous:
どこにでもある：everywhere, omnipresent, universal

ultimate:
究極の：final, eventual, ultimate

unanimous:
満場一致の：united, in complete agreement, undisputed

undermine:
劣化させる：weaken, erode, sabotage

undulate:
波のように動く：ripple, fluctuate, wave

unearth:
発掘する：discover, uncover, reveal

unique:
ユニークな：distinctive, exclusive, unparalleled

unify:
統一する：unite, merge, consolidate

unprecedented:
前例のない：unparalleled, exceptional, novel

unwavering:
揺るぎない：steadfast, resolute, unwavering
uphold: 支持する：support, maintain, defend

valid:
妥当な：legitimate, reasonable, acceptable

vehement:
熱烈な：passionate, fervent, intense

versatile:
多才な：adaptable, flexible, multifaceted

vigilant:
油断のない：watchful, alert, cautious

vindicate:
正当性を立証する：justify, defend, clear

volatile:
揮発性の：unstable, unpredictable, erratic

vulnerable:
脆弱な：susceptible, fragile, at risk

whimsical:
気まぐれな：capricious, fanciful, unpredictable

wholesome:
健全な：healthy, beneficial, nutritious

widespread:
広範囲にわたる：extensive, prevalent, widespread

今後も英語学習に関わる情報、体験談を発信していきます。