マイベストプロ神戸
TEX 二井原

英検1級取得者によるオンライン個別指導のプロ

TEX 二井原(てっくすにいはら) / 英語講師

英語パーソナルジム HIET(ヒート)/ High Intensity English Training

コラム

英文法5分ドリル【重要表現&句動詞】①

2024年2月3日 公開 / 2024年2月4日更新

テーマ:大学入試・TOEIC・英検

コラムカテゴリ:スクール・習い事


本記事は独学・国内学習による
英検1級保持者が書きました。


文語、口語の両方から使用頻度が高い表現を厳選しています。
問題難易度の目安としては、
GMARCH、英検2級、TOEIC500~600
等の対策として有効です。
ライティング・スピーキングを目的とした場合、
英検1級対策として極めて有効になります。

《 重要表現&句動詞 100人組手 ① 》

001 

I am very (   ) at ease with strangers.
  ① ill 
  ② sick 
  ③ timid 
  ④ weak 

▸ be ill at ease
 「落ち着かない,不安である」 
at〔状態〕を表す用法。
at は元来〔狭い一点〕をピンポイントで指し,
それが人間の精神状態に持ち込まれて
〔一点集中〕〔標的〕〔目標〕となる。
〈例〉aim at A「Aを狙う」 
〔集中〕がやや弱められ,
at work「仕事中」等の〔従事〕になる。
〔従事〕の at はさらに弱まると,
at ease「くつろいで」
at issue「論争中で」
のように単なる〔状態〕を表すことになる。
『状態』
at a loss:途方にくれている
at work:働いている
at home in A:Aに精通している
正解: ① 
「知らない人の中にいると私はひどく落ち着かない」
I am very ill at ease with strangers.
I feel extremely uncomfortable around strangers.
I am deeply uneasy with strangers.
Strangers make me very uneasy.
I'm quite uncomfortable when it comes to interacting with strangers.
I find it very uncomfortable to be around strangers.








002 

Some national parks offer showers and even baby-sitting services, (   ) the usual toilets and sinks.
  ① in connection with
  ② in the course of 
  ③ in addition to   
  ④ in consequence of 

▸ in addition to A
「Aだけでなく」
前出情報と内容的に同一範疇かつ類似イメージの
情報を追加する場合の表現。
『情報追加』
[副詞(句)]
✰ also (~もまた)
✰ as well (~もまた)
✰ too (~もまた)
✰ besides (さらに)
✰ further (さらに) 
✰ furthermore (さらに)
✰ moreover (さらに)
✰ what is more (さらに)
✰ in addition (さらに)
[前置詞]
✰ besides (~に加えて)
✰ in addition to (~に加えて)
[相関表現]
✰ not only [simply, merely, just, solely, alone] A but (also) B
(AだけでなくBも)
✰ B as well as A (AだけでなくBも)
正解 ③ 
「国立公園の中には,通常の化粧室と洗面台だけでなく,シャワーや託児施設まで提供しているとこともある」
Some national parks offer showers and even baby-sitting services, in addition to the usual
toilets and sinks.
Certain national parks provide showers and even childcare facilities, alongside the standard restrooms and sinks.
In some national parks, you can find showers and even childcare options, as well as the usual bathrooms and sinks.
Some national parks offer showers and childcare services, in addition to the typical toilets and sinks.
Showers and childcare services are available in certain national parks, along with the regular restrooms and sinks.
National parks may include showers and childcare services, along with the usual toilets and sinks.









003 

The country is rich (   ) natural resources.
  ① to 
  ② in 
  ③ by 
  ④ about 

▸ be rich in A「Aに恵まれている,Aに富んでいる」
反意は
be poor in A「Aに乏しい」
in は〔枠で包み込む〕から
〔範囲〕を指定する際の一般的な語。
〈例〉in my experience
   「私の経験では」
また「…において」という日本語で表すような
〔分野指定〕を示す。
〈例〉My father is excellent in intelligent.
   知性という分野において,父は秀でている。
『興味・関心の範囲指定・分野指定』
✰ be interested in A :Aに興味がある
✰ be rich in A :Aに関して豊かだ → Aに富む
✰ be lacking in A :Aが欠けている
✰ succeed in A :Aに成功する
✰ fail in A :Aに失敗する
✰ take pride in A :Aを自慢に思う
正解 ②
「その国は天然資源が豊富だ」
The country is rich in natural resources.
The nation boasts abundant natural resources.
The country is abundant in natural riches.
There is a wealth of natural resources in the country.
The nation is endowed with vast natural resources.
Natural resources are plentiful in the country.







004 

Why don't you apply (   ) that job?
  ① with 
  ② on 
  ③ by 
  ④ for 

▸ apply for A「Aに応募する」
『願望・欲求』:気持ち・意識がAへと向かう
✰ ask for A:Aを要求する
✰ call for A:Aを要求する
✰ long for A:Aを熱望する
✰ wish for A:Aを望む
✰ beg for A: Aを乞う
✰ search for A:Aを探す
✰ reach for A:Aを取ろうと手を伸ばす
✰ send for A: A(人)を呼びにやる
✰ hope for A:Aを望む
正解 ④ 
「その仕事に応募したらどうだい」
Why don’t you apply for that job?
Have you considered applying for that job?
Why not submit an application for that position?
What about applying for that job?
Have you thought about applying for that job?
Why haven't you applied for that job?









005 

She was very much frightened (   ) the sight of the big snake.
  ① at 
  ② in 
  ③ on 
  ④ to 

▸ at the sight of A「Aを見て」
〈分詞構文〉を用いてseeing Aとしても同義。
「Aを見た時に驚く」〔時点〕
→「Aを見たので驚く」〔原因〕
と意味的発展があるが,いずれにせよ
[Aを見る]〈前〉→[驚く]〈後〉の
〈時間的前後関係〉成立。
『原因・理由』
at first sight:人目見て
at the thought of A:Aのことを考えると
正解 ① 
「彼女は大きな蛇を見てぎょっとした」
She was very much frightened at the sight of the big snake.
She was extremely frightened upon seeing the big snake.
The sight of the big snake frightened her greatly.
She was deeply scared when she saw the big snake.
The big snake scared her very much.
She was terrified when she saw the big snake.









006 

People are old-fashioned when they (   ) to tradition.
  ① grasp 
  ② hang 
  ③ cling 
  ④ grip 

▸ cling to A「Aを固辞する」
to は from A to B「AからBへ」
のように物理的〔到達点〕までの方向を表す。
これが抽象化されて,
到達点・対象に気持ち・意識がピタッと〔付着〕
するといった意味に展開・発展されている。
『Aに固執する』
✰ cling to A
✰ adhere to A
✰ hold to A
✰ stick to A
正解 ③ 
「伝統を固辞する人は昔かたぎの人だ」
People are old-fashioned when they cling to tradition.
People exhibit conservative tendencies when they adhere to tradition.
Tradition-bound people tend to be old-fashioned.
Those who cling to tradition often come across as old-fashioned.
People can seem old-fashioned when they stick to tradition.
Being attached to tradition often leads people to be old-fashioned.









007 

According (   ) the newspapers, he will be here today.
  ① for 
  ② to 
  ③ with 
  ④ by 

▸ according to A
  ①「A(情報源)によれば」
  ②「Aにしたがって」 
この to も〈付着・固執〉を表す。
ex.) according to the weather forecast
  天気予報によると
  They were seated according to their rank.
  彼らは位の順に座っていた
正解 ② 
「新聞によれば,彼は今日ここに来るそうだ」
According to the newspapers, he will be here today.
As per the newspapers, he is expected to arrive today.
According to the newspapers, he will be here today.
The newspapers report that he will arrive today.
He is slated to arrive today, as stated by the newspapers.
Today is the day he's supposed to arrive, as the newspapers have reported.








008 

Luckily the weather (    ) fine.
  ① turned up 
  ② came to 
  ③ turned out 
  ④ changed into 

▸ turn out (to be) A
「Aになる,Aだと判明する」
=prove (to be) A  *Aは形容詞/名詞
次のturn out A は produce Aと同義。
Yamaha today has about 3000 women on the assembly line of its Iwata plant in central Japan, which turns out a motorcycle every 3.5 seconds on average. 
[上智大]
「今日,Yamahaでは,日本の中部地方の磐田工場の流れ作業に約3000人の女性が従事しており,平均3.5秒に1台の割合でオートバイが生産されている」
out は原義〔外に出す〕から〔作り出す〕
出せば中身・内容が分かることから〔判明〕
出すことによって無くなることから〔消失〕
へと発展する。
〈例〉put out「Aを消す」
『判明』
✰ turn out A:Aだとわかる(=prove to be A)
✰ make out A:Aを理解する (=understand)
✰ figure out A:Aを理解する,解決する
✰ find out A:Aを見つける,やり遂げる
✰ think out A:Aを考え出す,考えて解決する
✰ work out A:Aを解く,Aをやり遂げる
✰ puzzle out A:Aを解く
正解 ③ 
「幸運にも天気は晴れになった」
Luckily the weather turned out fine.
Fortunately, the weather ended up being nice.
Luckily, the weather turned out fine.
We were fortunate that the weather became pleasant.
Thankfully, the weather cleared up nicely.
It was a stroke of luck that the weather turned out well.








009 

Take this road and you will (   ) at the hotel in five minutes.
  ① arrive 
  ② leave 
  ③ find 
  ④ reach 

▸ at の基本義〔狭い一点〕から
視線や意識の先に位置する
〔目標地点〕へと発展した表現。
『Aに到着する』
✰ arrive at A
✰ get to A
✰ reach A
正解 ① 
「この道を行きなさい。そうすれば,5分でホテルに着くでしょう」
Take this road and you will arrive at the hotel in five minutes.
Take this route, and you'll reach the hotel in five minutes.
If you take this road, you'll arrive at the hotel in five minutes.
Follow this road, and you'll be at the hotel in five minutes.
This route leads directly to the hotel, and it's only a five-minute drive.
You'll reach the hotel in just five minutes if you take this road.








010 

As (   ) we haven’t heard any news about the wrecked ship.
  ① follows 
  ② of 
  ③ so 
  ④ yet 

▸ as yet「今までのところ」《通例否定文中》
同義表現として、
✰ so far
✰ thus far
✰ until now
 ④ 
「今までのところ,その難破船のことについて,我々はまったく何も聞いていない」
As yet we haven’t heard any news about the wrecked ship.
So far, we haven't received any updates about the wrecked ship.
Up to now, we haven't heard any news about the wrecked ship.
As of now, there's been no news about the wrecked ship.
We still haven't heard anything about the wrecked ship.
We haven't received any information about the wrecked ship yet.


《音読基本英文》

「知らない人の中にいると私はひどく落ち着かない」

I am very ill at ease with strangers.
I feel extremely uncomfortable around strangers.
I am deeply uneasy with strangers.
Strangers make me very uneasy.
I'm quite uncomfortable when it comes to interacting with strangers.
I find it very uncomfortable to be around strangers.







「国立公園の中には,通常の化粧室と洗面台だけでなく,シャワーや託児施設まで提供しているとこともある」

Some national parks offer showers and even baby-sitting services, in addition to the usual
toilets and sinks.
Certain national parks provide showers and even childcare facilities, alongside the standard restrooms and sinks.
In some national parks, you can find showers and even childcare options, as well as the usual bathrooms and sinks.
Some national parks offer showers and childcare services, in addition to the typical toilets and sinks.
Showers and childcare services are available in certain national parks, along with the regular restrooms and sinks.
National parks may include showers and childcare services, along with the usual toilets and sinks.








「その国は天然資源が豊富だ」

The country is rich in natural resources.
The nation boasts abundant natural resources.
The country is abundant in natural riches.
There is a wealth of natural resources in the country.
The nation is endowed with vast natural resources.
Natural resources are plentiful in the country.










「その仕事に応募したらどうだい」

Why don’t you apply for that job?
Have you considered applying for that job?
Why not submit an application for that position?
What about applying for that job?
Have you thought about applying for that job?
Why haven't you applied for that job?









「彼女は大きな蛇を見てぎょっとした」

She was very much frightened at the sight of the big snake.
She was extremely frightened upon seeing the big snake.
The sight of the big snake frightened her greatly.
She was deeply scared when she saw the big snake.
The big snake scared her very much.
She was terrified when she saw the big snake.







「伝統を固辞する人は昔かたぎの人だ」

People are old-fashioned when they cling to tradition.
People exhibit conservative tendencies when they adhere to tradition.
Tradition-bound people tend to be old-fashioned.
Those who cling to tradition often come across as old-fashioned.
People can seem old-fashioned when they stick to tradition.
Being attached to tradition often leads people to be old-fashioned.








「新聞によれば,彼は今日ここに来るそうだ」

According to the newspapers, he will be here today.
As per the newspapers, he is expected to arrive today.
According to the newspapers, he will be here today.
The newspapers report that he will arrive today.
He is slated to arrive today, as stated by the newspapers.
Today is the day he's supposed to arrive, as the newspapers have reported.









「幸運にも天気は晴れになった」

Luckily the weather turned out fine.
Fortunately, the weather ended up being nice.
Luckily, the weather turned out fine.
We were fortunate that the weather became pleasant.
Thankfully, the weather cleared up nicely.
It was a stroke of luck that the weather turned out well.









「この道を行きなさい。そうすれば,5分でホテルに着くでしょう」

Take this road and you will arrive at the hotel in five minutes.
Take this route, and you'll reach the hotel in five minutes.
If you take this road, you'll arrive at the hotel in five minutes.
Follow this road, and you'll be at the hotel in five minutes.
This route leads directly to the hotel, and it's only a five-minute drive.
You'll reach the hotel in just five minutes if you take this road.








「今までのところ,その難破船のことについて,我々はまったく何も聞いていない」

As yet we haven’t heard any news about the wrecked ship.
So far, we haven't received any updates about the wrecked ship.
Up to now, we haven't heard any news about the wrecked ship.
As of now, there's been no news about the wrecked ship.
We still haven't heard anything about the wrecked ship.
We haven't received any information about the wrecked ship yet.



要点整理〔前置詞〕

 

 for

This train is bound for Osaka.
This building is designed for people in wheelchairs.
Are you for or against my plan?
We worked for our living.
You can buy the paperback for about five dollars.
She looks young for her age.
London is famous for its fog.
She stayed there for three days.

この列車は大阪行きです。(方向・目的地)
この建物は車椅子の人々のために作られています。(追求・目的)
あなたは私の計画に賛成ですか、それとも反対ですか。(賛成)
私たちは私たちの生活のために働いた。(追求・目的)
あなたは約5ドルでそのペーパーバックを買うことができます。(等価・交換)
彼女は年のわりに若く見える。(観点)
ロンドンは霧で有名です。(理由)
彼女は3日間そこに滞在していた。(不特定期間)

   

from

1. I come from Canada.
2. Plastic is made from petroleum.
3. He is quite different from what he looks.

私はカナダ出身です。(出身)
プラスチックは石油から作られます。(原料)
彼はまったく見かけとは違います。(区別)

   

of

Our city is 30 kilometers north of Tokyo.
They were deprived of their political rights.
This house is made of wood.
While sleeping, he died of heart attack.
This book is of great use to those who want to know a lot about Japan.
Do you believe in the existence of God?
We were all impressed by her love of her children.
There is no hope ofus winning this game.

私たちの町は東京の北30 kmにあります。(分離)
彼らは政治的権利を奪われた。(分離→除去)
この家は木造です。(材料)
睡眠中、彼は心臓発作で死亡した。(原因)
日本について多くを知りたいという人にとって、この本は大いに役立ちます。(of+抽象名詞)
あなたは神の存在を信じますか。(主格)
彼女の子供へに対する愛情に私たちはみな感動した。(目的格)
私たちがこの試合に勝つという望みは無い。(同格)

   

to

He drove me to the station.
I usually go to and from the office by bus.
This is the key to Room 202. 
They were moved to tears.
To our joy, our son returned safe.
I was caught in a shower and wet to the skin.

彼は私を駅まで車で送ってくれた。(方向・到達)
私はたいていバスで仕事場へ行き来する。(方向・到達)
これは202号室の鍵です。(一致)
彼らは感動して涙を流した。(結果)
喜ばしいことに、私たちの息子は無事に帰ってきた。(to one’s+感情を表す名詞)
私はにわか雨に会い、ずぶぬれになった。(程度)

   

with

He brought an umbrella with him.
She cut meat with a knife.
The leaves turned yellow with the coming of autumn.
He sat there with his legs crossed.
I have nothing to do with the matter.
The poor child was shivering with cold.

彼は傘を持っていた。(所有)
彼女はナイフで肉を切った。(道具)
秋の到来とともに、木々の葉っぱが黄色くなった。(同時)
彼は脚を組んでそこにすわっていた。(付帯状況)
私はその件とは関係がありません。(関連)
その哀れな子供は寒さで震えていた。(原因)

   

under

My brother is lying under the table.
Our school building is under construction.
You are under arrest.

1. 弟はテーブルの下に横たわっています。(離れた下)
2. 私たちの校舎は建築中です。(行為の過程)
3. あなたを逮捕します。(支配)

   

over

The plane flew over the island.
We had a chat over a cup of coffee.

1. その飛行機はその島の上空を飛んだ。(離れた上)
2. 私たちはコーヒーを飲みながらおしゃべりをした。(従事)

   

below

There is a waterfall below this bridge.
The sun sank below the horizon.

1 この橋の下流に滝がある。(地理的な下)
2 太陽は地平線の下に沈んだ。(基準線より下)

   

above

The top of Mt. Fuji was seen above the clouds.
Jack lives in the room above us.
She is above telling a lie.

1. 富士山の頂上は雲の上に見えた。(離れた上)
2 ジャックは私たちの上の部屋に住んでいます。(離れた上)
3 彼女は決して嘘をつない。(超越)

   

through

This train will go through a long tunnel.
Those stores are open through the night.
I don't really think I'll get through the exam this summer.
He failed the business through laziness.

1 この列車は長いトンネルを通るでしょう。(貫通)
2 あれらの店は夜通し開いています。(全過程)
3 あれらの店は夜通し開いています。(全過程)
4 彼は怠慢さのためにその仕事に失敗した。(理由)

   

beyond

My house is just beyond that river.
His idea is beyond my comprehension.
This job is beyond me.

1 私の家はちょうどあの川を越えたところにある。(位置)
2 彼の考えは私の理解を超えている。(範囲外)
3 この仕事は私にはできない。(範囲外)

   

along

Go straight along this street.
Let’s proceed along the lines I suggested.

1 この通りに沿ってまっすぐ行きなさい。(空間的)
2 私が示した方針に従って進みましょう。(比喩的)

   

across

We saw a dog swim across the river.
My house is just across the street.

1 私たちは犬がその川を泳いで渡るのを見た。(平面的なものを横切って)
2 私の家はちょうどその通りの向かいがわにあります。(平面的なものの向こう)

   

among / between

This sport is popular among young people.
This train runs between Tokyo and Hakata.

1 このスポーツは若者たちに人気があります。(3者以上)
2 この列車は東京と博多の間を走ります。(2者間)


今後も英語学習に関わる情報、体験談を発信していきます。

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TEX 二井原

英検1級取得者によるオンライン個別指導のプロ

TEX 二井原(英語パーソナルジム HIET(ヒート)/ High Intensity English Training)

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