英検1級道場－英検の要約問題を解くためのプロセスを紹介します
英検1級道場では、2024年度第1回から導入された要約問題について、連続して対策方法を特集してきました
下記のように連続して書いてきました
https://mbp-japan.com/chiba/eiken/column/5174511/
https://mbp-japan.com/chiba/eiken/column/5174355/
https://mbp-japan.com/chiba/eiken/column/5174344/
https://mbp-japan.com/chiba/eiken/column/5174244/
https://mbp-japan.com/chiba/eiken/column/5173855/
https://mbp-japan.com/chiba/eiken/column/5171522/
https://mbp-japan.com/chiba/eiken/column/5167986/
今回は、要約問題対策についての総まとめを行います
＜要約問題対策方法＞
①英文の段落ごとに要旨を理解する
②キーワード、キーセンテンスを見つける
③キーワード、キーセンテンスを活用し、文章をつくる
注）ただし、キーワード、キーセンテンスをつないだだけではダメである
（第1回の結果として、つないで作った文章では、内容は完璧であっても、8/32点という評価だったという例がある）
④キーワード、キーセンテンスで別の表現がないかを検討し、できる範囲で書き換える
注）どうしても思いつかない場合には、そのまま書いて提出する（白紙だと0点）
⑤段落ごとのポイントは活かし、全体の整合性をとる
注）段落ごとにまとめず、全体を要約した文章で提出したら、18/32点という点数になった例がある
以上が、全体の総括になります
なお、2級の要約問題の指示文は日本語で書いてあり、「可能な限り自分自身の単語で書け」という指示はありません
ただし、2級の英検の解答例では、半分程度は本文とは別の表現を使っているという印象です
準1級、1級と級が上がるごとに、表現の多様性が重視される傾向が見てとれます
つまり、ただの抜粋と切り貼りで要約しただけでは、点数として評価がされません
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英検の解答例を見ると、段落ごとにワンセンテンスでまとめています
但し、1級では、第3段落が2センテンスになっています
あるインターネットの記事では、全部ワンセンテンスで書け、3段落であれば3センテンスでなければいけない、などという誤った情報が流布されています
そうではありませんので、注意してください
英検の問題の指示文には、そのような記述は一切ありません
誤解なきようにしましょう
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なお個人的な感想ですが、キーワード、キーセンテンスを切り取って並べ替えただけの文章でも、8点（2、2、2、2）という評価には同意しかねます
切り取った場所が適切であれば、内容も問題ないはずですし、英文の質としても問題ないはずです
その場合には、少なくとも（8、2、6、8）というような評価がされるべきだと考えます
切り取って並べただけで、オール2はありえないでしょう
でも、採点するのは、英検の方なので、喧嘩にはなりません
それも踏まえて、試験を準備をすることが正しいと思います
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以上の観点から、下記に2級、準1級、1級の問題と模範解答を示しておきますので、参考になさってください
特に、要約後に、どのように英文表現を直しているのかを研究してみてください
■英検2級
●以下の英文を読んで，その内容を英語で要約し，解答欄に記入しなさい。
●語数の目安は45語～55語です。
●解答は，解答用紙のB面にある英文要約解答欄に書きなさい。なお，解答欄の外に書かれたものは採点されません。
●解答が英文の要約になっていないと判断された場合は，0点と採点されることがあります。英文をよく読んでから答えてください。
When students go to university, they usually go to the campus and take classes in classrooms with other students. However, there are other types of classes for students to take. Some of them take online classes from home without going to the campus.
下記が英検が出した要約例です
Some students take online classes instead of going to the campus.
What are some benefits of this? Online classes are helpful for students living far away from the campus because they do not need to travel for long periods of time. Moreover, in the case of recorded online classes, students can watch recorded classes over and over again so that they can understand the classes better.
下記が英検が出した要約例です
Online classes have benefits, such as saving travel time and improving students’ understanding through watching recorded classes repeatedly.
However, some students may have problems with their computers or their Internet connection during online classes. This can make it difficult to take the classes smoothly. Also, if students do not go to the campus, they will have fewer chances to see each other face-to-face and talk to other students. Because of this, some students may feel lonely.
下記が英検が出した要約例です
However, some students may have computer problems and feel lonely because they do not meet other students directly on campus.
英検が出している要約例をつないでみました
Some students take online classes instead of going to the campus.
Online classes have benefits, such as saving travel time and improving students’ understanding through watching recorded classes repeatedly.
However, some students may have computer problems and feel lonely because they do not meet other students directly on campus.
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■英検準1級
●Read the article below and summarize it in your own words as far as possible in English.
●Suggested length: 60-70 words
●Write your summary in the space provided on Side A of your answer sheet. Any writing outside the space will not be graded.
Schools in some countries have often supplied free lunch to a limited number of their students. These meals tend to include a variety of foods, including salads and desserts. Nowadays, there are programs that provide such lunches to all students.
下記が英検が出した要約例です
Some people are working to make sure that free school lunches remain available to all students.
Many in favor of the programs want them to continue. Supporters point to the benefits. Studies show a relationship between nutrition and how well students do in school. Therefore, providing a healthy meal for all students is important. Doing this can improve their concentration levels, leading to better test scores.
下記が英検が出した要約例です
Program supporters believe that ensuring all students have lunch can help boost their academic performance.
Additionally, free school meal programs have another advantage. Many parents today are often extremely busy, giving them little time to prepare lunches for their children. The programs, therefore, are a huge help. This is because parents of all students will be able to spend more time on work and other child-raising issues.
下記が英検が出した要約例です
Moreover, providing free school lunches allows parents with limited time to focus on other responsibilities.
Critics, on the other hand, say that providing school meals for everyone is problematic. Schools need to prepare enough meals every day for all students. However, some students do not completely eat the food that has been prepared. Consequently, a large amount is left over. The schools have no option but to throw it away.
下記が英検が出した要約例です
However, critics argue that the food discarded from unfinished meals creates a significant quantity of waste.
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英検が出している要約例をつないでみました
Some people are working to make sure that free school lunches remain available to all students.
Program supporters believe that ensuring all students have lunch can help boost their academic performance.
Moreover, providing free school lunches allows parents with limited time to focus on other responsibilities.
However, critics argue that the food discarded from unfinished meals creates a significant quantity of waste.
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■英検1級
・Read the article below and summarize it in your own words as far as possible in English.
・Suggested length: 90-110 words
・Write your summary in the space provided on Side A of your answer sheet. Any writing outside the space will not be graded.
In the mid-1900s, around a third of the world's population lived in urban areas. By the 2010s, that proportion had risen to more than half, and it continues to grow. The city of Dhaka in Bangladesh had a population of around half a million in 1960, but this had risen to over twenty million by 2020. Similar increases can be seen in other major cities around the world. Experts point to several factors that are driving this rapid urban growth, and one of the biggest is the movement of people from rural areas to cities. Urban areas attract people seeking educational opportunities, jobs, and the chance to improve their lives.
下記が、英検が出している、この段落に相当する「要約」です
Urban populations worldwide continue to expand as people migrate from rural areas in search of better opportunities for wealth and social mobility.
This trend has led to severe problems in cities. Increased population density puts a strain on transportation systems and utility supply networks, which were often not designed to cope with such a swell in the number of people. Rising populations also create a shortage of housing and public facilities such as schools and hospitals. Although building additional housing and infrastructure seems like a practical response, such development is hindered by a lack of available land.
下記が、英検が出している、この段落に相当する「要約」です
As a result, cities are becoming increasingly overcrowded, which means insufficient land is available for residential and infrastructure development.
Some cities have found a way to overcome this issue. They have turned to a process known as land reclamation. This involves things like draining the water from a shallow area of the sea and then adding earth, sand, and rock to raise the level of the land. This has provided additional space to build on, but it has a drawback. The new land is created from a mixture of materials, and it is less solid than naturally formed land, so it has a tendency to sink over time. To address this, developers must take expensive steps to stabilize the land and prevent damage to the structures built on top of it.
下記が、英検が出している、この段落に相当する「要約」です
In response to this problem, many cities are employing land reclamation as a way to increase the amount of land that can be used for construction. Unfortunately, the disadvantage of land reclamation is that it is less sturdy than natural land, so costly preventative work is required to protect the buildings constructed on it.
95ワード
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英検が出している要約例をつないでみました
Urban populations worldwide continue to expand as people migrate from rural areas in search of better opportunities for wealth and social mobility.
As a result, cities are becoming increasingly overcrowded, which means insufficient land is available for residential and infrastructure development.
In response to this problem, many cities are employing land reclamation as a way to increase the amount of land that can be used for construction. Unfortunately, the disadvantage of land reclamation is that it is less sturdy than natural land, so costly preventative work is required to protect the buildings constructed on it.
