英作文《瞬発トレーニング》⑦ ★ もはや快楽 ♪
本記事は独学・国内学習による
英検1級保持者が書きました。
文語、口語の両方から使用頻度が高い表現を厳選しています。
問題難易度の目安としては、
GMARCH、英検2級、TOEIC500~600
等の対策として有効です。
ライティング・スピーキングを目的とした場合、
英検1級対策として極めて有効になります。
《 重要表現&句動詞 100人組手 ④ 》
031
I didn’t greet you because I mistook you ( ) somebody else.
① for
② as
③ of
④ by
▸ mistake A for B「AをBと間違える」
(=take A for B)
for は exchange A for B「AとBを交換する」のように
〔交換〕を表すが,交換は
substitute A for B「AをBの代わりに使う」〔代用〕に繋がる。
代用するのが人間なら〔代理〕
speak for him
「彼の代弁をする」。
以上はいずれも,‘A=B’の対応関係成立で,
全て〔等価〕のバリエーション。
『‘A=B’と思う/認識する』
✰ take A as B:AをB(名詞・形容詞)と思う
✰ take A to be B:AをB(名詞・形容詞)と思う
✰ take A as B:AをB(名詞・形容詞)と思う
✰ take A for granted:Aを当然と思う *grant「認める」
正解 ①
「君に挨拶しなかったのは,他の人と間違えたからなんだ」
I didn’t greet you because I mistook you for somebody else.
I didn’t say hello to you because I confused you with someone else.
I didn’t acknowledge you because I thought you were someone else.
I didn’t greet you because I mistakenly thought you were another person.
I failed to greet you because I mixed you up with someone else.
I didn’t offer a greeting because I wrongly assumed you were someone else.
032
The world population is increasing ( ) a surprising rate.
① by
② for
③ at
④ to
▸ at+形容詞+rate
「…の割合で」
◆ at〔メーターの一点〕
✰ at equal rate: 同じ比率で
✰ at present rate of use:現在の使用率では
✰ at the same speed:同じ速度で
✰ at the same pace:同じペースで
✰ at the same level:同じレベルで
✰ at the same frequency:同じ頻度で
✰ at the same intensity:同じ強度で
正解 ③
「世界の人口は驚くべき割合で増加しつつある」
The world population is increasing at a surprising rate.
The global population is growing at an astonishing pace.
The world's population is expanding at an unexpected rate.
The population of the world is rising at a remarkable speed.
The Earth's population is on the rise at a remarkable rate.
The human population is increasing at an astounding speed.
033
( ), Tom is an easy-going person in almost everything he does.
① Over and over
② As a rule
③ For good
④ Over and again
▸ by and large「概して」
(あるものを近く(by) から大局的 (large) に見て)
この by は基本義〔近接〕から
〔二つのものの近くにあって二つをつなぐ〕
すなわち〔媒介・媒体〕
→〔判断の媒介〕〔準拠・基準〕
〈例〉judge a person by his appearance
「外見で人を判断する」
◆『概して』
✰ by and large
✰ generally speaking
✰ in general
✰ generally
✰ at large
正解 ②
「概して,トムはやることほとんど全てにおいてのんびりした人間だ」
As a rule, Tom is an easy-going person in almost everything he does.
Generally, Tom is a laid-back individual in most of his actions.
Typically, Tom is a relaxed person in nearly all his activities.
Normally, Tom is a chill guy in practically everything he does.
In general, Tom is a calm and easygoing person in almost every aspect of his life.
Usually, Tom is a relaxed individual in virtually every situation.
034
I was ( ) such a hurry that I forgot to lock the door.
① in
② on
③ for
④ at
▸ in a hurry「急いで」=in haste
この in は〔状態〕を表す。次も同様。
◆ <in a 様子>:〔状態〕
✰ in a rush(急いで)
✰ in a hurry(急いで)
✰ in a haste(急いで)
✰ in a hustle」(急いで)
✰ in a dash(急いで)
✰ in a hurry-up(急いで)
✰ in a irush(急いで)
✰ in a scramble(慌てて)
✰ in a bustle(慌ただしく)
✰ in a flurry(慌てて)
✰ in a frenzy(狂乱して)
✰ in a flutter(動揺して)
✰ in a whirlwind(旋風のように)
✰ in a panic(パニックで)
✰ in a whirl(旋風のように)
正解 ①
「私はとても急いでいたので,ドアの鍵をかけ忘れた」
I was in such a hurry that I forgot to lock the door.
I was rushing so much that I neglected to lock the door.
I was in such a rush that I failed to lock the door.
I was moving so quickly that I overlooked locking the door.
I was in such haste that I omitted to lock the door.
I was in such a hurry that I accidentally left the door unlocked.
035
Please ( ) these circumstances into consideration.
① put
② make
③ bring
④ take
▸ take A into consideration
「Aを考慮に入れる」
◆『Aを考慮する』
✰ allow for A
✰ make allowance for A
✰ take A into consideration
✰ take account of A
✰ take A into account
✰ factor in A
✰ bear in mind A
✰ keep in mind A
正解 ④
「このような状況を考慮に入れてください」
Please take these circumstances into consideration.
Please consider these circumstances.
Please take these factors into account.
Please bear these circumstances in mind.
Please give these circumstances some thought.
Please take these conditions into consideration.
036
They are good friends although, of course, they argue ( ).
① every now and then
② for the occasion
③ from day to day
④ to the occasion
▸ every now and then「ときどき」
◆『時々』
✰ from time to time
✰ every now and then
✰ now and again
✰ now and then
✰ on occasion
✰ once in a while
✰ occasionally
✰ sometimes
✰ at times
正解 ①
「もちろん,彼らは時々口論するけれど,良い友達だ」
They are good friends although, of course, they argue every now and then.
They are close friends, even though they have occasional arguments.
Despite occasional arguments, they maintain a strong friendship.
Despite their occasional disagreements, they are still good friends.
They are best friends, even though they bicker from time to time.
Despite the occasional conflict, they remain good friends.
037
In public speaking, one should be short and ( ).
① on the spot
② to the point
③ off the point
④ into the point
▸ to the point「要領を得た」(=to the purpose)
to が基本義〔到達点〕を表している。
日本語で,
発言が ‘的を射る’
と同様のイメージ。
ただし,to the pointは堅い文語調。
◆『的を射た』
✰ to the point
✰ straight to the point
✰ on point
✰ to the core
✰ on the mark
✰ cut to the chase
✰ hitting the mark
✰ pinpoint
✰ direct
✰ straightforward
◆『的を外した』『検討違い』
✰ off the mark
✰ wide of the mark
✰ miss the mark
✰ off target
✰ wide of the target
✰ miss the target
✰ miss the point
✰ wide of the point
✰ not on the mark
✰ not on target
✰ beside the point
✰ out of touch
✰ not hitting the mark
✰ not hitting the target
正解 ②
「人前で話す時には,手短に要領を得て話すべきだ」
In public speaking, one should be short and to the point.
In public speaking, it’s important to be concise and direct.
When speaking in public, one should aim for brevity and clarity.
Public speakers should focus on being succinct and getting to the point.
When addressing an audience, it’s crucial to keep it brief and focused.
The key to effective public speaking is to keep it short and to the point.
038
Perhaps I should take an umbrella with me just ( ).
① at risk
② for fear
③ in case
④ on emergency
▸ (just) in case「万一の場合に備えて」《通例文尾》
cf.) as is often the case (with A)
「(Aには)よくあることだが」
in case:
①「もし~なら」《通例文頭》
②「~の場合に備えて」《通例文尾》
①の言い換え表現として、
✰ if
✰ in the event that
✰ provided that
✰ assuming that
②の言い換え表現として、
✰ in preparation for
✰ in anticipation of
✰ in readiness for
✰ in the event of
✰ in case of
正解 ③
「万一の場合に備えて私は傘を持って行った方がいいだろう」
Perhaps I should take an umbrella with me just in case.
Maybe I should bring an umbrella along just in case.
It might be a good idea to take an umbrella with me, just in case.
I might consider bringing an umbrella in case it rains.
I’m thinking of bringing an umbrella with me, just in case.
It could be prudent to carry an umbrella in case of unexpected rain.
039
It is likely that he kept me waiting ( ).
① in nature
② in time
③ at heart
④ on purpose
▸ on purpose「故意に」
◆『わざと』
✰ intentionally
✰ with intent
✰ on purpose
✰ purposely
✰ deliberately
✰ by design
✰ with deliberation
✰ by choice
✰ by calculation
◆『偶然に』
✰ by accident
✰ accidentally
✰ unexpectedly
✰ by chance
✰ incidentally
✰ unintentionally
✰ inadvertently
正解 ④
「彼は私をわざと待たせたようだ」
It is likely that he kept me waiting on purpose.
He probably made me wait intentionally.
It's probable that he deliberately kept me waiting.
It's possible that he intentionally made me wait.
He likely kept me waiting on purpose.
He may have intentionally delayed me.
040
Some students study in ( ), and some don’t care.
① properly
② earnest
③ carefulness
④ enthusiasm
▸ in earnest「本気で」(=earnestly)
次も〔状態・環境〕を表す
in despair「絶望して」(=desperately)
in a hurry「あわてて」(=hurriedly)
✰ ◆〔環境・状態・様態〕の in
✰ in silence (無言で)
✰ in darkness (暗闇の中で)
✰ in solitude (孤独の中で)
✰ in peace (平和に)
✰ in chaos (混沌の中で)
✰ in poverty (貧困の中で)
✰ in luxury (贅沢な環境で)
✰ in fear (恐れの中で)
✰ in love (愛情の中で)
✰ in pain (痛みの中で)
✰ in joy (喜びの中で)
✰ in sorrow (悲しみの中で)
✰ in confusion (混乱の中で)
✰ in awe (畏怖の中で)
✰ in doubt (疑念の中で)
正解 ②
「まじめに勉強する学生もいれば,勉強しようとしない学生もいる」
Some students study in earnest, and some don’t care.
Certain students study diligently, while others are indifferent.
Some students are earnest in their studies, while others are apathetic.
A few students take their studies seriously, whereas others are indifferent.
There are students who are committed to their studies, while others are disinterested.
While some students are diligent in their studies, others show little interest.
《音読基本英文》
「君に挨拶しなかったのは,他の人と間違えたからなんだ」
I didn’t greet you because I mistook you for somebody else.
I didn’t say hello to you because I confused you with someone else.
I didn’t acknowledge you because I thought you were someone else.
I didn’t greet you because I mistakenly thought you were another person.
I failed to greet you because I mixed you up with someone else.
I didn’t offer a greeting because I wrongly assumed you were someone else.
「世界の人口は驚くべき割合で増加しつつある」
The world population is increasing at a surprising rate.
The global population is growing at an astonishing pace.
The world's population is expanding at an unexpected rate.
The population of the world is rising at a remarkable speed.
The Earth's population is on the rise at a remarkable rate.
The human population is increasing at an astounding speed.
「概して,トムはやることほとんど全てにおいてのんびりした人間だ」
As a rule, Tom is an easy-going person in almost everything he does.
Generally, Tom is a laid-back individual in most of his actions.
Typically, Tom is a relaxed person in nearly all his activities.
Normally, Tom is a chill guy in practically everything he does.
In general, Tom is a calm and easygoing person in almost every aspect of his life.
Usually, Tom is a relaxed individual in virtually every situation.
「私はとても急いでいたので,ドアの鍵をかけ忘れた」
I was in such a hurry that I forgot to lock the door.
I was rushing so much that I neglected to lock the door.
I was in such a rush that I failed to lock the door.
I was moving so quickly that I overlooked locking the door.
I was in such haste that I omitted to lock the door.
I was in such a hurry that I accidentally left the door unlocked.
「このような状況を考慮に入れてください」
Please take these circumstances into consideration.
Please consider these circumstances.
Please take these factors into account.
Please bear these circumstances in mind.
Please give these circumstances some thought.
Please take these conditions into consideration.
「もちろん,彼らは時々口論するけれど,良い友達だ」
They are good friends although, of course, they argue every now and then.
They are close friends, even though they have occasional arguments.
Despite occasional arguments, they maintain a strong friendship.
Despite their occasional disagreements, they are still good friends.
They are best friends, even though they bicker from time to time.
Despite the occasional conflict, they remain good friends.
「人前で話す時には,手短に要領を得て話すべきだ」
In public speaking, one should be short and to the point.
In public speaking, it’s important to be concise and direct.
When speaking in public, one should aim for brevity and clarity.
Public speakers should focus on being succinct and getting to the point.
When addressing an audience, it’s crucial to keep it brief and focused.
The key to effective public speaking is to keep it short and to the point.
「万一の場合に備えて私は傘を持って行った方がいいだろう」
Perhaps I should take an umbrella with me just in case.
Maybe I should bring an umbrella along just in case.
It might be a good idea to take an umbrella with me, just in case.
I might consider bringing an umbrella in case it rains.
I’m thinking of bringing an umbrella with me, just in case.
It could be prudent to carry an umbrella in case of unexpected rain.
「彼は私をわざと待たせたようだ」
It is likely that he kept me waiting on purpose.
He probably made me wait intentionally.
It's probable that he deliberately kept me waiting.
It's possible that he intentionally made me wait.
He likely kept me waiting on purpose.
He may have intentionally delayed me.
「まじめに勉強する学生もいれば,勉強しようとしない学生もいる」
Some students study in earnest, and some don’t care.
Certain students study diligently, while others are indifferent.
Some students are earnest in their studies, while others are apathetic.
A few students take their studies seriously, whereas others are indifferent.
There are students who are committed to their studies, while others are disinterested.
While some students are diligent in their studies, others show little interest.
要点整理〔前置詞〕
for
This train is bound for Osaka.
This building is designed for people in wheelchairs.
Are you for or against my plan?
We worked for our living.
You can buy the paperback for about five dollars.
She looks young for her age.
London is famous for its fog.
She stayed there for three days.
この列車は大阪行きです。(方向・目的地)
この建物は車椅子の人々のために作られています。(追求・目的)
あなたは私の計画に賛成ですか、それとも反対ですか。(賛成)
私たちは私たちの生活のために働いた。(追求・目的)
あなたは約5ドルでそのペーパーバックを買うことができます。(等価・交換)
彼女は年のわりに若く見える。(観点)
ロンドンは霧で有名です。(理由)
彼女は3日間そこに滞在していた。(不特定期間)
from
1. I come from Canada.
2. Plastic is made from petroleum.
3. He is quite different from what he looks.
私はカナダ出身です。(出身)
プラスチックは石油から作られます。(原料)
彼はまったく見かけとは違います。(区別)
of
Our city is 30 kilometers north of Tokyo.
They were deprived of their political rights.
This house is made of wood.
While sleeping, he died of heart attack.
This book is of great use to those who want to know a lot about Japan.
Do you believe in the existence of God?
We were all impressed by her love of her children.
There is no hope ofus winning this game.
私たちの町は東京の北30 kmにあります。(分離)
彼らは政治的権利を奪われた。(分離→除去)
この家は木造です。(材料)
睡眠中、彼は心臓発作で死亡した。(原因)
日本について多くを知りたいという人にとって、この本は大いに役立ちます。(of+抽象名詞)
あなたは神の存在を信じますか。(主格)
彼女の子供へに対する愛情に私たちはみな感動した。(目的格)
私たちがこの試合に勝つという望みは無い。(同格)
to
He drove me to the station.
I usually go to and from the office by bus.
This is the key to Room 202.
They were moved to tears.
To our joy, our son returned safe.
I was caught in a shower and wet to the skin.
彼は私を駅まで車で送ってくれた。(方向・到達)
私はたいていバスで仕事場へ行き来する。(方向・到達)
これは202号室の鍵です。(一致)
彼らは感動して涙を流した。(結果)
喜ばしいことに、私たちの息子は無事に帰ってきた。(to one’s+感情を表す名詞)
私はにわか雨に会い、ずぶぬれになった。(程度)
with
He brought an umbrella with him.
She cut meat with a knife.
The leaves turned yellow with the coming of autumn.
He sat there with his legs crossed.
I have nothing to do with the matter.
The poor child was shivering with cold.
彼は傘を持っていた。(所有)
彼女はナイフで肉を切った。(道具)
秋の到来とともに、木々の葉っぱが黄色くなった。(同時)
彼は脚を組んでそこにすわっていた。(付帯状況)
私はその件とは関係がありません。(関連)
その哀れな子供は寒さで震えていた。(原因)
under
My brother is lying under the table.
Our school building is under construction.
You are under arrest.
1. 弟はテーブルの下に横たわっています。(離れた下)
2. 私たちの校舎は建築中です。(行為の過程)
3. あなたを逮捕します。(支配)
over
The plane flew over the island.
We had a chat over a cup of coffee.
1. その飛行機はその島の上空を飛んだ。(離れた上)
2. 私たちはコーヒーを飲みながらおしゃべりをした。(従事)
below
There is a waterfall below this bridge.
The sun sank below the horizon.
1 この橋の下流に滝がある。(地理的な下)
2 太陽は地平線の下に沈んだ。(基準線より下)
above
The top of Mt. Fuji was seen above the clouds.
Jack lives in the room above us.
She is above telling a lie.
1. 富士山の頂上は雲の上に見えた。(離れた上)
2 ジャックは私たちの上の部屋に住んでいます。(離れた上)
3 彼女は決して嘘をつない。(超越)
through
This train will go through a long tunnel.
Those stores are open through the night.
I don't really think I'll get through the exam this summer.
He failed the business through laziness.
1 この列車は長いトンネルを通るでしょう。(貫通)
2 あれらの店は夜通し開いています。(全過程)
3 あれらの店は夜通し開いています。(全過程)
4 彼は怠慢さのためにその仕事に失敗した。(理由)
beyond
My house is just beyond that river.
His idea is beyond my comprehension.
This job is beyond me.
1 私の家はちょうどあの川を越えたところにある。(位置)
2 彼の考えは私の理解を超えている。(範囲外)
3 この仕事は私にはできない。(範囲外)
along
Go straight along this street.
Let’s proceed along the lines I suggested.
1 この通りに沿ってまっすぐ行きなさい。(空間的)
2 私が示した方針に従って進みましょう。(比喩的)
across
We saw a dog swim across the river.
My house is just across the street.
1 私たちは犬がその川を泳いで渡るのを見た。(平面的なものを横切って)
2 私の家はちょうどその通りの向かいがわにあります。(平面的なものの向こう)
among / between
This sport is popular among young people.
This train runs between Tokyo and Hakata.
1 このスポーツは若者たちに人気があります。(3者以上)
2 この列車は東京と博多の間を走ります。(2者間)
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