金のフレーズ は stress response を利用した語彙習得である論
本記事は独学・国内学習による
英検1級保持者が書きました。
文語、口語の両方から使用頻度が高い表現を厳選しています。
問題難易度の目安としては、
GMARCH、英検2級、TOEIC500~600
等の対策として有効です。
ライティング・スピーキングを目的とした場合、
英検1級対策として極めて有効になります。
《 重要表現&句動詞 100人組手 ⑤ 》
041
To ( ) hours makes you healthy.
① get up
② keep early
③ make good
④ raise regular
▸ keep early hours
『早寝早起きする』
・keep good hours
・keep regular hours
・maintain an early bedtime and wake-up routine
・adhere to a schedule of going to bed and waking up early
・follow a regimen of early sleeping and rising
◆ keep : くずれないように掴んでおく
✰ keep off:Aに近寄らない (keep away from)
✰ keep up:維持する (maintain)
✰ keep down:行圧する・鎮める (put down・suppress)
✰ keep up with:Aに遅れずについていく (keep pace with)
正解 ②
「早寝早起きをすると健康になる」
To keep early hours makes you healthy.
To maintain early hours contributes to your overall health.
Keeping good hours promotes your well-being.
Adhering to a schedule of early sleeping and rising enhances your health.
Following regular hours of sleep and wakefulness supports your physical well-being.
Ensuring you go to bed and wake up early fosters good health.
042
In developing countries as well as industrialized ones, the environment has been ( ) pollution.
① obliged to
② subject to
③ due to
④ reduced to
▸ be subject to A
「Aを受けやすい,Aに従属している」
be reduced to A は「Aに変えられる,Aになる」
の意で④は不可。
to の持つ〔到達点〕へのエネルギーは
結果として対象との〔衝突〕を生み,
時としてそれは〔屈服〕につながる。
◆ 『屈服』の to
✰ give way to A:Aに屈する,道を譲る
✰ give in to A:Aに屈する,負ける
✰ yield to A:Aに屈する
✰ surrender to A: Aに降伏する
✰ submit to A:Aに屈する
✰ fall victim to A:Aの犠牲になる
✰ fall prey to A:Aの犠牲になる
✰ be subject to A:Aに支配される
正解 ②
「工業国は言うまでもなく発展途上国においても,環境は汚染されやすい」
In developing countries as well as industrialized ones, the environment has been subject to pollution.
Pollution has affected the environment in both developing and industrialized countries.
Pollution has impacted the environment in developing nations as well as in industrialized ones.
The environment in both developing and industrialized countries has been influenced by pollution.
Pollution has had consequences for the environment in developing countries, just as it has in industrialized ones.
The environment has been subjected to pollution in both developing and industrialized countries.
043
How long will this cold weather ( ) ?
① go wrong
② go on
③ run out
④ effect
▸ go on
①「続く」(=continue, last)
②「(時が)過ぎる」(=go by, pass)
この goは〔前進〕から〔継続〕の意を表す。
go:基点から離れる → 継続する → 至る → 消え去る
✰ go on:
① 続く,続ける (=continue)
② (時が)過ぎる (=go by・pass)
✰ go off:
① 立ち去る (=leave)
② 発射される,爆発する (=blow off)
✰ go out:
① 外へ出る
② (火・電灯などが)消える (=go off)
✰ go (a)round:
① 歩き回る (=go about)
② Aの回りを回る
✰ go after:
追いかける (=chase・pursue)
✰ go over:
① 渡る
② 詳しく調べる
③ 復習する (=review)
✰ go through:
① 通り抜ける
② 経験する (=experience・undergo)
③ Aを成し遂げる(with A) (=accomplish・achieve)
✰ go with:
Aと調和する (=match・fit)
《自動詞》は go together
✰ go under:
失敗する,倒産する
✰ go in for:
① Aに参加する(=join・take part in)
② 試験を受ける
正解 ②
「この寒い天気はいつまで続くのだろうか」
How long will this cold weather continue ?
How much longer will this cold weather persist?
Until when will this cold weather last?
When will this cold spell come to an end?
For how much longer will we endure this cold weather?
How many more days will this cold weather continue?
044
We succeeded ( ) breaking the door open after trying for half an hour.
① on
② for
③ in
④ to
▸ succeed in A「Aに成功する」
✰ achieve success in A
✰ attain success in A
✰ accomplish A successfully
✰ excel in A
✰ prosper in A
⇔ fail in A「Aに失敗する」〔範囲・限定〕
✰ be unsuccessful in A
✰ not succeed in A
✰ fall short in A
✰ come up short in A
✰ not achieve A
succeed to A「Aを相続する」も重要。
ex.) The eldest son succeeded to all the property.
長男が全ての財産を相続した。[立命館大]
正解 ③
「30分間やってみて,ようやくドアを壊して開けることに成功した」
We succeeded in breaking the door open after trying for half an hour.
After attempting for thirty minutes, we managed to successfully force open the door.
We succeeded in breaking open the door after half an hour of trying.
We were able to break down the door after making attempts for thirty minutes.
After a half-hour effort, we finally succeeded in forcing the door open.
We successfully broke open the door after a thirty-minute endeavor.
045
I think you're spoiling him by buying him every present he ( ).
① asks for
② pays for
③ makes for
④ gets for
▸ ask for A「Aを求める」〔願望・欲求〕
✰ call for A
✰ long for A
✰ hope for A
✰ wish for A
これらの for は原義〔方向〕→〔対象の包括〕。
気持ちが対象に向かいそれを包み込む感じ。
正解 ①
「君は,彼が欲しがるプレゼントを全て買ってやることで,彼を甘やかしていると思う」
I think you’re spoiling him by buying him every present he asks for.
I believe you're indulging him by granting every request he makes.
I think you're pampering him by fulfilling every wish he has.
I believe you're spoiling him by giving in to all his demands.
You're encouraging his entitlement by buying him everything he asks for.
I think you're fostering a sense of entitlement by granting his every wish.
046
Whatever you say about me, say it to my face, not behind my ( ).
① hand
② heart
③ back
④ head
▸ behind A’s back
「Aのいないところで」
✰ when A is not present
✰ in A's absence
✰ behind A's absence
⇔ to A’s face
back の指す部位は‘背中+腰’。
・on one’s back「あお向けに」
・on one’s stomach「うつぶせに」
正解 ③
「私について何を言うにしても陰で言うのではなく,面と向かって言いなさい」
Whatever you say about me, say it to my face, not behind my back.
If you have anything to say about me, say it to my face, not behind my back.
Whatever you want to say about me, say it directly to me, not behind my back.
If there's anything you need to say about me, please say it to me in person, not behind my back.
Don't talk about me behind my back; if you have something to say, say it to me.
Please address any concerns or remarks you have about me to my face, not behind my back.
047
It would be good for you to send your baggage ( ) to avoid any inconvenience.
① far advanced
② in advance
③ with advantage
④ at advantage
▸ in advance
「あらかじめ」
beforehand
ahead of time
prior to
in anticipation
pre-emptively
◆ 行為の『限定』
✰ in advance:前もって
✰ in vain:空しく,無駄に
✰ in person:(代理ではなく) 本人で
✰ in turn:順番に
✰ in succession:連続して
✰ in public:公共で,人前で(=publicly)
✰ in private:私的に(=privately)
✰ in secret:ひそかに(=secretly)
正解 ②
「不便を避けるため,あらかじめ荷物を送っておくほうがよいだろう」
It would be good for you to send your baggage in advance to avoid any inconvenience.
It would be advisable for you to send your luggage in advance to avoid any inconvenience.
Sending your baggage ahead of time would help prevent any inconvenience.
To avoid any hassle, it's recommended that you send your baggage in advance.
It's a good idea to send your luggage ahead of time to minimize any inconvenience.
To ensure a smooth experience, consider sending your baggage in advance.
048
The success of the Protestant Reformation was ( ) in great part to the political conflict between the German princes and the Pope.
① added
② resulted
③ engaged
④ due
▸ (be) due to A「Aが原因である」
be due to do「…する予定である」
と混合しないこと。
This train is due to arrive in ten minutes.
列車は10分以内に到着する予定である。
『因果』
◆[接続詞]
✰ for
✰ because
✰ as
✰ since
✰ now( that)
✰ that is why
◆[前置詞]
✰ because of
✰ on account of
✰ due to
✰ owing to (~のために)
✰ as a result of (~の結果として)
✰ for that reason (その理由により)
◆[副詞(句)]
✰ therefore
✰ so
✰ hence
✰ thus
✰ accordingly
✰ consequently
✰ as a resuly
✰ as a consequence
✰ in consequence
◆[動詞]原因 V 結果
✰ A cause B
✰ A bring about B
✰ A lead to B
✰ A result in B
✰ A give rise to B
✰ A call forth
◆ 結果 V 原因
✰ A result from B
✰ A contribute to B
✰ A be attributed to B
✰ A arise from B
✰ A is due to B
✰ A is owing to B
正解 ④
「宗教改革の成功は,主としてドイツの諸侯とローマ教皇との間に対立があったのが原因だ」
The success of the Protestant Reformation was due in great part to the political conflict between the German princes and the Pope.
The success of the Protestant Reformation was greatly influenced by the political conflict between the German princes and the Pope.
The Protestant Reformation's success was significantly shaped by the political dispute between the German princes and the Pope.
Political conflict between the German princes and the Pope played a major role in the success of the Protestant Reformation.
The Protestant Reformation's triumph was largely attributable to the political confrontation between the German princes and the Pope.
The political conflict between the German princes and the Pope was a key factor in the success of the Protestant Reformation.
049
Those people in front of the door, please ( ) for others.
① make a way
② make the way
③ make way
④ make ways
▸ make way for A
「Aに道を空ける」
✰ get out of someone’s way
✰ clear a path for A
✰ give way to A
✰ make space for A
✰ yield to A
✰ accommodate A
ある状態を作り出す感じが make の語義。
cf.) make room for A「Aに席を譲る」
正解 ③
「ドアの前にいる人達,他の人に道を空けてください」
Those people in front of the door, please make way for others.
Those individuals blocking the door, please step aside to allow others to pass.
People obstructing the door, please make room for others to pass.
Those standing in front of the door, please move aside for others.
Those blocking the doorway, please clear a path for others.
Please allow space for others to pass by moving away from the door.
050
The wise son makes his father proud ( ) him.
① under
② in
③ of
④ as
▸ be proud of A
『AをAをAを誇りに思う』
✰ take pride in A
✰ pride oneself on A
✰ boast of[about] A
✰ be proud of A
『Aを恥ずかしく思う』
✰ be ashamed of A
✰ feel embarrassed about A
✰ feel ashamed about A
✰ regard A with embarrassment
✰ be mortified by A
正解 ③
「その賢い息子は,自分のことを父親に誇りに思わせている」
The wise son makes his father proud of him.
The wise son brings pride to his father through his actions.
Through his actions, the wise son earns the pride of his father.
The wise son's behavior brings pride to his father.
His father takes pride in the wise son because of his actions.
The wise son's conduct fills his father with pride.
《音読基本英文》
「早寝早起きをすると健康になる」
To keep early hours makes you healthy.
To maintain early hours contributes to your overall health.
Keeping good hours promotes your well-being.
Adhering to a schedule of early sleeping and rising enhances your health.
Following regular hours of sleep and wakefulness supports your physical well-being.
Ensuring you go to bed and wake up early fosters good health.
「工業国は言うまでもなく発展途上国においても,環境は汚染されやすい」
In developing countries as well as industrialized ones, the environment has been subject to pollution.
Pollution has affected the environment in both developing and industrialized countries.
Pollution has impacted the environment in developing nations as well as in industrialized ones.
The environment in both developing and industrialized countries has been influenced by pollution.
Pollution has had consequences for the environment in developing countries, just as it has in industrialized ones.
The environment has been subjected to pollution in both developing and industrialized countries.
「この寒い天気はいつまで続くのだろうか」
How long will this cold weather continue ?
How much longer will this cold weather persist?
Until when will this cold weather last?
When will this cold spell come to an end?
For how much longer will we endure this cold weather?
How many more days will this cold weather continue?
「30分間やってみて,ようやくドアを壊して開けることに成功した」
We succeeded in breaking the door open after trying for half an hour.
After attempting for thirty minutes, we managed to successfully force open the door.
We succeeded in breaking open the door after half an hour of trying.
We were able to break down the door after making attempts for thirty minutes.
After a half-hour effort, we finally succeeded in forcing the door open.
We successfully broke open the door after a thirty-minute endeavor.
「君は,彼が欲しがるプレゼントを全て買ってやることで,彼を甘やかしていると思う」
I think you’re spoiling him by buying him every present he asks for.
I believe you're indulging him by granting every request he makes.
I think you're pampering him by fulfilling every wish he has.
I believe you're spoiling him by giving in to all his demands.
You're encouraging his entitlement by buying him everything he asks for.
I think you're fostering a sense of entitlement by granting his every wish.
「私について何を言うにしても陰で言うのではなく,面と向かって言いなさい」
Whatever you say about me, say it to my face, not behind my back.
If you have anything to say about me, say it to my face, not behind my back.
Whatever you want to say about me, say it directly to me, not behind my back.
If there's anything you need to say about me, please say it to me in person, not behind my back.
Don't talk about me behind my back; if you have something to say, say it to me.
Please address any concerns or remarks you have about me to my face, not behind my back.
「不便を避けるため,あらかじめ荷物を送っておくほうがよいだろう」
It would be good for you to send your baggage in advance to avoid any inconvenience.
It would be advisable for you to send your luggage in advance to avoid any inconvenience.
Sending your baggage ahead of time would help prevent any inconvenience.
To avoid any hassle, it's recommended that you send your baggage in advance.
It's a good idea to send your luggage ahead of time to minimize any inconvenience.
To ensure a smooth experience, consider sending your baggage in advance.
「宗教改革の成功は,主としてドイツの諸侯とローマ教皇との間に対立があったのが原因だ」
The success of the Protestant Reformation was due in great part to the political conflict between the German princes and the Pope.
The success of the Protestant Reformation was greatly influenced by the political conflict between the German princes and the Pope.
The Protestant Reformation's success was significantly shaped by the political dispute between the German princes and the Pope.
Political conflict between the German princes and the Pope played a major role in the success of the Protestant Reformation.
The Protestant Reformation's triumph was largely attributable to the political confrontation between the German princes and the Pope.
The political conflict between the German princes and the Pope was a key factor in the success of the Protestant Reformation.
「ドアの前にいる人達,他の人に道を空けてください」
Those people in front of the door, please make way for others.
Those individuals blocking the door, please step aside to allow others to pass.
People obstructing the door, please make room for others to pass.
Those standing in front of the door, please move aside for others.
Those blocking the doorway, please clear a path for others.
Please allow space for others to pass by moving away from the door.
「その賢い息子は,自分のことを父親に誇りに思わせている」
The wise son makes his father proud of him.
The wise son brings pride to his father through his actions.
Through his actions, the wise son earns the pride of his father.
The wise son's behavior brings pride to his father.
His father takes pride in the wise son because of his actions.
The wise son's conduct fills his father with pride.
要点整理〔前置詞〕
for
This train is bound for Osaka.
This building is designed for people in wheelchairs.
Are you for or against my plan?
We worked for our living.
You can buy the paperback for about five dollars.
She looks young for her age.
London is famous for its fog.
She stayed there for three days.
この列車は大阪行きです。(方向・目的地)
この建物は車椅子の人々のために作られています。(追求・目的)
あなたは私の計画に賛成ですか、それとも反対ですか。(賛成)
私たちは私たちの生活のために働いた。(追求・目的)
あなたは約5ドルでそのペーパーバックを買うことができます。(等価・交換)
彼女は年のわりに若く見える。(観点)
ロンドンは霧で有名です。(理由)
彼女は3日間そこに滞在していた。(不特定期間)
from
1. I come from Canada.
2. Plastic is made from petroleum.
3. He is quite different from what he looks.
私はカナダ出身です。(出身)
プラスチックは石油から作られます。(原料)
彼はまったく見かけとは違います。(区別)
of
Our city is 30 kilometers north of Tokyo.
They were deprived of their political rights.
This house is made of wood.
While sleeping, he died of heart attack.
This book is of great use to those who want to know a lot about Japan.
Do you believe in the existence of God?
We were all impressed by her love of her children.
There is no hope ofus winning this game.
私たちの町は東京の北30 kmにあります。(分離)
彼らは政治的権利を奪われた。(分離→除去)
この家は木造です。(材料)
睡眠中、彼は心臓発作で死亡した。(原因)
日本について多くを知りたいという人にとって、この本は大いに役立ちます。(of+抽象名詞)
あなたは神の存在を信じますか。(主格)
彼女の子供へに対する愛情に私たちはみな感動した。(目的格)
私たちがこの試合に勝つという望みは無い。(同格)
to
He drove me to the station.
I usually go to and from the office by bus.
This is the key to Room 202.
They were moved to tears.
To our joy, our son returned safe.
I was caught in a shower and wet to the skin.
彼は私を駅まで車で送ってくれた。(方向・到達)
私はたいていバスで仕事場へ行き来する。(方向・到達)
これは202号室の鍵です。(一致)
彼らは感動して涙を流した。(結果)
喜ばしいことに、私たちの息子は無事に帰ってきた。(to one’s+感情を表す名詞)
私はにわか雨に会い、ずぶぬれになった。(程度)
with
He brought an umbrella with him.
She cut meat with a knife.
The leaves turned yellow with the coming of autumn.
He sat there with his legs crossed.
I have nothing to do with the matter.
The poor child was shivering with cold.
彼は傘を持っていた。(所有)
彼女はナイフで肉を切った。(道具)
秋の到来とともに、木々の葉っぱが黄色くなった。(同時)
彼は脚を組んでそこにすわっていた。(付帯状況)
私はその件とは関係がありません。(関連)
その哀れな子供は寒さで震えていた。(原因)
under
My brother is lying under the table.
Our school building is under construction.
You are under arrest.
1. 弟はテーブルの下に横たわっています。(離れた下)
2. 私たちの校舎は建築中です。(行為の過程)
3. あなたを逮捕します。(支配)
over
The plane flew over the island.
We had a chat over a cup of coffee.
1. その飛行機はその島の上空を飛んだ。(離れた上)
2. 私たちはコーヒーを飲みながらおしゃべりをした。(従事)
below
There is a waterfall below this bridge.
The sun sank below the horizon.
1 この橋の下流に滝がある。(地理的な下)
2 太陽は地平線の下に沈んだ。(基準線より下)
above
The top of Mt. Fuji was seen above the clouds.
Jack lives in the room above us.
She is above telling a lie.
1. 富士山の頂上は雲の上に見えた。(離れた上)
2 ジャックは私たちの上の部屋に住んでいます。(離れた上)
3 彼女は決して嘘をつない。(超越)
through
This train will go through a long tunnel.
Those stores are open through the night.
I don't really think I'll get through the exam this summer.
He failed the business through laziness.
1 この列車は長いトンネルを通るでしょう。(貫通)
2 あれらの店は夜通し開いています。(全過程)
3 あれらの店は夜通し開いています。(全過程)
4 彼は怠慢さのためにその仕事に失敗した。(理由)
beyond
My house is just beyond that river.
His idea is beyond my comprehension.
This job is beyond me.
1 私の家はちょうどあの川を越えたところにある。(位置)
2 彼の考えは私の理解を超えている。(範囲外)
3 この仕事は私にはできない。(範囲外)
along
Go straight along this street.
Let’s proceed along the lines I suggested.
1 この通りに沿ってまっすぐ行きなさい。(空間的)
2 私が示した方針に従って進みましょう。(比喩的)
across
We saw a dog swim across the river.
My house is just across the street.
1 私たちは犬がその川を泳いで渡るのを見た。(平面的なものを横切って)
2 私の家はちょうどその通りの向かいがわにあります。(平面的なものの向こう)
among / between
This sport is popular among young people.
This train runs between Tokyo and Hakata.
1 このスポーツは若者たちに人気があります。(3者以上)
2 この列車は東京と博多の間を走ります。(2者間)
★本記事内容の加工、流用を禁じます
今後も英語学習に関わる情報、体験談を発信していきます。