英検1級【裏技必要論】
本記事は独学・国内学習による
英検1級保持者が書きました。
文語、口語の両方から使用頻度が高い表現を厳選しています。
問題難易度の目安としては、
GMARCH、英検2級、TOEIC500~600
等の対策として有効です。
ライティング・スピーキングを目的とした場合、
英検1級対策として極めて有効になります。
《 重要表現&句動詞 100人組手 ② 》
011
She is keen ( ) birds and flowers.
① on
② in
③ of
④ to
▸ be keen on A「Aに熱中している」
on が基本義,物理的〔接触〕から抽象化されて
〔対象への意識〕→〔関心・集中〕へと発展。
『興味・関心の集中』:対象に意識が接触して離れない
✰ keep an eye on A:Aから目を離さない
✰ dwell on A:Aについてあれこれと考える
✰ insist on A:Aを強く主張する
✰ be intent on A:Aに熱心である
✰ reflect on A:Aを熟考する,反省する
✰ look back on A:Aを回想する
✰ be bent on A:Aに熱心である
✰ put (an) emphasis on A:Aを強調する
✰ pride oneself on A:Aを自慢する
正解 ①
「彼女は鳥や花に熱中している」
She is keen on birds and flowers.
She has a strong interest in birds and flowers.
She has a passion for birds and flowers.
Birds and flowers are her passion.
She is enthusiastic about birds and flowers.
Birds and flowers fascinate her.
She is deeply interested in birds and flowers.
012
I do not know ( ) certain what she is going to do.
① so
② for
③ of
④ in
▸ for certain「はっきりと,確かに」(=for sure)
for〔対象の包括〕包み込んでいく感じ
→ 気持ちが対象に向かい
〔賛成〕〔目的〕〔観点〕〔方向〕。
〔目的〕の意味が発展
→ 同じ価値のものの〔交換〕〔代理〕〔等価〕。
「交換」とは‘A for B’で
A, B の価値の「対応・同等性」成立の意。
『等価』
✰ pass for A:Aとして通る
✰ take A for B:AをBだと思う
✰ take A for granted:Aを当然と思う
✰ mistake A for B:AとBを取り違える
✰ give up A for B:AをBとして諦める
正解 ②
「彼女が何をしようとしているかはっきりとは知りません」
I do not know for certain what she is going to do.
I'm not entirely sure about her plans.
I'm uncertain about what she's going to do.
I'm not completely confident about her intentions.
Her future actions are unclear to me.
I lack certainty regarding her upcoming actions.
I'm not entirely confident about her future plans.
013
It ( ) to me that I may have misunderstood you.
① happened
② occurs
③ is likely
④ may be true
▸ occur to A「Aの心に浮かぶ」 (=strike A)
『思い出す』
☆ 考え occur to 人
☆ 考え strike 人
☆ 考え hit 人
☆ 人 hit (up)on 考え
☆ 人 come up to 考え
☆ 人 think of 考え
☆ 物/事 remind 人 of 事柄
☆ 物/事 remind 人 to do
☆ 物/事 remind 人 that
☆ 人 remember 事柄
☆ 人 recall 事柄
☆ 人 recollect 事柄
☆ 人 think of 事柄
It occurred to me that I had forgotten to lock the door.
(ドアに鍵をかけ忘れたことが思い浮かんだ)
An idea suddenly struck me while I was walking in the park.
(公園を歩いているときに突然アイデアが浮かんだ)
The solution to the problem hit her as she was taking a shower.
(シャワーを浴びている最中に問題の解決策がひらめいた)
He hit upon a brilliant plan to save the company.
(彼は会社を救うための素晴らしい計画を思いついた)
She came up to a new theory while reading the research paper.
(彼女はその研究論文を読んでいる間に新しい理論にたどり着いた)
I think of you whenever I see a sunset.
(夕日を見るたびにあなたのことを思い出す)
The photo reminded me of my childhood.
(その写真は私の幼少時代を思い出させた)
Seeing the old house remindedreminded him to call his parents.
(古い家を見て、彼は両親に電話をするのを思い出した)
The teacher's strict demeanor reminded the students that the exam was approaching.
(教師の厳しい態度が生徒たちに試験が近づいていることを思い出させた)
I remember the day we first met vividly.
(私は私たちが初めて出会った日を鮮明に覚えています)
She recalled her trip to Paris fondly.
(彼女はパリへの旅行を楽しく思い出した)
He recollected his childhood memories while looking through old photo albums. (彼は古い写真アルバムを見ながら幼少期の思い出を振り返った)
Whenever I think of summer, I remember our family vacations by the beach.
(夏を思い出すとき、私は家族でビーチに行った思い出を思い出します)
正解 ②
「君を誤解していたのかも知れないと思っています」
It occurs to me that I may have misunderstood you.
I suddenly realize that I might have misunderstood you.
It has just occurred to me that I may have misinterpreted you.
I've just had the thought that I could have misunderstood you.
I've just come to the realization that I might have misunderstood you.
It just occurred to me that I might not have understood you correctly.
I've just realized that I could have misread your intentions.
014
He did well in all subjects and, ( ), in mathematics.
① at intervals
② above all
③ by no means
④ what was worse
▸ above all「とりわけ,何よりも」
『特に』
✰ among other things
✰ in particular
✰ particularly
✰ especially
✰ best of all,
✰ most of all
✰ more than anything else
✰ above all (things)
正解 ②
「彼は全教科上手くいったが,とりわけ数学が上手くいった」
He did well in all subjects and, above all, in mathematics.
He excelled in all subjects, especially in mathematics.
He performed exceptionally well in all subjects, particularly in mathematics.
He did exceptionally well in all subjects, with mathematics being his standout performance.
He achieved outstanding results in all subjects, but particularly in mathematics.
He was outstanding in all subjects, but mathematics was his strongest area.
He did brilliantly in all subjects, and mathematically, he was exceptional.
015
If you ( ) Jenny, could you tell her I’d like to see her?
① go into
② look into
③ hear from
④ look after
▸ hear from 人「人から便りがある」
=get a letter or phone call from someone
② look into A「Aを調査する」(examine A)
④ look after A「Aの世話をする」(take care of A)
✰ look forward to (~を楽しみにする):await eagerly
✰ look out for (~に気をつける):watch out for, be vigilant for
✰ look up to (~を尊敬する):admire, respect, idolize
✰ look down on (~を見下す):disdain, scorn, belittle
✰ look into (~を調査する、調べる):investigate, explore
✰ look after (~の世話をする):take care of, nurture
✰ look back on (~を振り返る):reminisce, reflect on, recall
✰ look around (~を見回す):scan, survey, glance around
✰ look for (~を探す):search for, seek, hunt for
✰ look through (~をざっと見る):browse, skim, peruse
正解 ③
「ジェニーから便りがあれば,私が会いたいことを彼女に伝えてくれませんか」
If you hear from Jenny, could you tell her I’d like to see her?
If you happen to hear from Jenny, could you let her know I'd like to see her?
If Jenny happens to get in touch, could you pass on that I'd like to see her?
Should Jenny contact you, could you inform her I'd like to meet up?
In case Jenny reaches out, could you convey my desire to meet with her?
Should Jenny happen to contact you, could you tell her I'm interested in meeting?
If you receive any word from Jenny, could you relay that I'm eager to see her?
016
I thanked him for taking ( ) to come all the way to see me.
① the liberty
② the trouble
③ the consequences
④ the place
▸ take (the) trouble to do
「わざわざ…する」
bother to do も同義だが,通例否定文中で用いる。
✰ take off
(飛行機が離陸する、または物が急に成功する)
・lift off
・become airborne
・succeed suddenly
✰ take out
(取り出す、外に出す、外食する)
・extract
・remove
・dine out
✰ take over
(引き継ぐ、支配権を握る)
・assume control
・inherit
・seize power
✰ take apart
(分解する、ばらばらにする)
・disassemble
・dismantle
・break down
✰ take for granted
(当然のことと考える、当然のこととして扱う)
・assume
・presume
・overlook the value of
✰ take into account
(考慮に入れる、考慮におく)
・consider
・factor in
・bear in mind
✰ take on
(引き受ける、取り組む、挑戦する)
・undertake
・engage in
・challenge
✰ take up
(始める、取り組む、空間を占める)
・start
・engage in
・occupy space
✰ take in
(理解する、収容する、騙す)
・comprehend
・accommodate
・deceive
✰ take a break
(休憩する、休暇を取る)
・pause
・rest
・go on vacation
正解 ②
「彼がはるばる私に会いにやって来てくれたことに,私は感謝の意を述べた」
I thanked him for taking the trouble to come all the way to see me.
I expressed my gratitude to him for making the effort to come all the way to see me.
I thanked him for going to the trouble of coming all the way to see me.
I showed my appreciation to him for the effort he made to visit me.
I extended my thanks to him for the inconvenience he went through to visit me.
I appreciated him taking the trouble to come all the way to see me.
I conveyed my thanks to him for going out of his way to visit me.
017
Do you expect me to ( ) the accident caused through your negligence?
① look for
② answer for
③ stick to
④ make up
▸ answer for A「Aの責任を負う」
=be responsible for A
for が原義の〔方向〕から
〔交換〕→〔対応〕へと発展している。
answer for A の同義表現としては他に、
・espond to A(Aに応える)
・reply to A(Aに返信する)
・provide a response for A(Aに対する回答を提供する)
・address A(Aに対処する、またはAに答える)
正解 ②
「君の不注意によって起こった事故に対して,私に責任を負わせるつもりですか」
Do you expect me to answer for the accident caused through your negligence?
Do you hold me responsible for the accident caused by your negligence?
Are you expecting me to take responsibility for the accident caused by your negligence?
Do you anticipate me being accountable for the accident resulting from your negligence?
Are you assuming that I should answer for the accident caused by your negligence?
Do you believe I should be held accountable for the accident caused by your negligence?
Are you implying that I am to blame for the accident caused by your negligence?
018
I hope that this decision will ( ) for friendly relations between the two countries.
① advance
② contribute
③ lead
④ make
▸ make for A「Aに役立つ,Aを生み出す」
『進む』 → 『結実』
✰ make one’s way:進む,前進する
✰ make for A:①Aに向かって進む ②Aに役立つ
✰ make away (off):急いで去る,逃げる
✰ make at A:Aに向かっていく
make for は元来〔方向〕の for がより強くでた
「Aに向かって進む」の意。
ex.) We turned our boat around and made for the shore.
私達はボートの向きを変えて岸に向かった。[慶応大学]
make:作り出す → 状態を作る → ある状態になる
✰ make out:① (書類などを) 作成する
②理解する (understand)
✰ make up: ① 化粧する
② 構成する(compose)
③ でっちあげる (cook up・invent)
✰ make for ① Aの方へ進む
② Aに役立つ
✰ make up with:Aと仲直りする (reconcile)
✰ make up for:Aの埋め合わせをする (compensate for)
正解 ④
「この決定により,二国間の友好関係が生まれることを望みます」
I hope that this decision will make for friendly relations between the two countries.
I hope that this decision will lead to friendly relations between the two countries.
I hope that this decision will contribute to fostering friendly relations between the two countries.
I hope that this decision will pave the way for friendly relations between the two countries.
I hope that this decision will result in improved relations between the two countries.
I hope that this decision will promote friendly relations between the two countries.
I hope that this decision will bring about positive relations between the two countries.
019
I had to cancel my trip ( ) the strike.
① on account of
② the cause of
③ due of
④ result of
▸ on account of A「Aの理由で」
due to A
owing to A
because of A
on の基本義,物理的〔接触〕から精神的接触〔依存〕
→〔根拠〕への抽象化・意味の広がりは自然のなりゆき。
〈例〉be based on A「Aに基づいて」
‘議論’が ‘依存’するものが〔根拠〕。
『根拠』
✰ on condition that SV:…という条件で
✰ on the ground(s) of A:Aを根拠に
✰ on principle:主義に基づいて,主義として
✰ on the average:平均して ←平均に基づいて
✰ on purpose:意図的に ←意図に基づいて ⇔ by accident
✰ on business:仕事で
✰ on the second thought(s):考え直して ←異なる考えに基づいて
✰ on account of A:Aの理由で
正解 ①
「私は,ストライキのために,旅行を中止しなければならなかった」
I had to cancel my trip on account of the strike.
I had to cancel my trip because of the strike.
I had to call off my trip due to the strike.
The strike forced me to cancel my trip.
I was compelled to cancel my trip because of the strike.
Because of the strike, I had to abandon my plans for the trip.
I had no choice but to cancel my trip because of the strike.
020
I’ve got a very high opinion ( ) your brother.
① for
② of
③ on
④ to
▸ have a high[good] opinion of A
「Aを高く評価している」
・think highly of A
・hold A in high regard
・have a favorable impression of A
・think much of A
・look up to A
・have respect for A
・hold A in esteem
ここでの opinionは「評価」の意。反意は
・have a low[bad/poor] opinion of A
・think poorly of A
・hold A in low esteem
・have a negative impression of A
『思考・意見・考えを持つ』
✰ have A in mind:Aのことを考えている
✰ have A on one’s mind:Aのことが気にかけている
✰ have no idea of A:Aの見当がつかない
正解 ②
「私は君の兄をたいへん高く評価しています」
I’ve got a very high opinion of your brother.
I hold your brother in very high regard.
I have a very high opinion of your brother.
Your brother is highly esteemed by me.
Your brother is held in high esteem by me.
I think very highly of your brother.
Your brother has my utmost respect.
《音読基本英文》
「彼女は鳥や花に熱中している」
She is keen on birds and flowers.
She has a strong interest in birds and flowers.
She has a passion for birds and flowers.
Birds and flowers are her passion.
She is enthusiastic about birds and flowers.
Birds and flowers fascinate her.
She is deeply interested in birds and flowers.
「彼女が何をしようとしているかはっきりとは知りません」
I do not know for certain what she is going to do.
I'm not entirely sure about her plans.
I'm uncertain about what she's going to do.
I'm not completely confident about her intentions.
Her future actions are unclear to me.
I lack certainty regarding her upcoming actions.
I'm not entirely confident about her future plans.
「君を誤解していたのかも知れないと思っています」
It occurs to me that I may have misunderstood you.
I suddenly realize that I might have misunderstood you.
It has just occurred to me that I may have misinterpreted you.
I've just had the thought that I could have misunderstood you.
I've just come to the realization that I might have misunderstood you.
It just occurred to me that I might not have understood you correctly.
I've just realized that I could have misread your intentions.
「彼は全教科上手くいったが,とりわけ数学が上手くいった」
He did well in all subjects and, above all, in mathematics.
He excelled in all subjects, especially in mathematics.
He performed exceptionally well in all subjects, particularly in mathematics.
He did exceptionally well in all subjects, with mathematics being his standout performance.
He achieved outstanding results in all subjects, but particularly in mathematics.
He was outstanding in all subjects, but mathematics was his strongest area.
He did brilliantly in all subjects, and mathematically, he was exceptional.
「ジェニーから便りがあれば,私が会いたいことを彼女に伝えてくれませんか」
If you hear from Jenny, could you tell her I’d like to see her?
If you happen to hear from Jenny, could you let her know I'd like to see her?
If Jenny happens to get in touch, could you pass on that I'd like to see her?
Should Jenny contact you, could you inform her I'd like to meet up?
In case Jenny reaches out, could you convey my desire to meet with her?
Should Jenny happen to contact you, could you tell her I'm interested in meeting?
If you receive any word from Jenny, could you relay that I'm eager to see her?
「彼がはるばる私に会いにやって来てくれたことに,私は感謝の意を述べた」
I thanked him for taking the trouble to come all the way to see me.
I expressed my gratitude to him for making the effort to come all the way to see me.
I thanked him for going to the trouble of coming all the way to see me.
I showed my appreciation to him for the effort he made to visit me.
I extended my thanks to him for the inconvenience he went through to visit me.
I appreciated him taking the trouble to come all the way to see me.
I conveyed my thanks to him for going out of his way to visit me.
「君の不注意によって起こった事故に対して,私に責任を負わせるつもりですか」
Do you expect me to answer for the accident caused through your negligence?
Do you hold me responsible for the accident caused by your negligence?
Are you expecting me to take responsibility for the accident caused by your negligence?
Do you anticipate me being accountable for the accident resulting from your negligence?
Are you assuming that I should answer for the accident caused by your negligence?
Do you believe I should be held accountable for the accident caused by your negligence?
Are you implying that I am to blame for the accident caused by your negligence?
「この決定により,二国間の友好関係が生まれることを望みます」
I hope that this decision will make for friendly relations between the two countries.
I hope that this decision will lead to friendly relations between the two countries.
I hope that this decision will contribute to fostering friendly relations between the two countries.
I hope that this decision will pave the way for friendly relations between the two countries.
I hope that this decision will result in improved relations between the two countries.
I hope that this decision will promote friendly relations between the two countries.
I hope that this decision will bring about positive relations between the two countries.
「私は,ストライキのために,旅行を中止しなければならなかった」
I had to cancel my trip on account of the strike.
I had to cancel my trip because of the strike.
I had to call off my trip due to the strike.
The strike forced me to cancel my trip.
I was compelled to cancel my trip because of the strike.
Because of the strike, I had to abandon my plans for the trip.
I had no choice but to cancel my trip because of the strike.
「私は君の兄をたいへん高く評価しています」
I’ve got a very high opinion of your brother.
I hold your brother in very high regard.
I have a very high opinion of your brother.
Your brother is highly esteemed by me.
Your brother is held in high esteem by me.
I think very highly of your brother.
Your brother has my utmost respect.
要点整理〔前置詞〕
for
This train is bound for Osaka.
This building is designed for people in wheelchairs.
Are you for or against my plan?
We worked for our living.
You can buy the paperback for about five dollars.
She looks young for her age.
London is famous for its fog.
She stayed there for three days.
この列車は大阪行きです。(方向・目的地)
この建物は車椅子の人々のために作られています。(追求・目的)
あなたは私の計画に賛成ですか、それとも反対ですか。(賛成)
私たちは私たちの生活のために働いた。(追求・目的)
あなたは約5ドルでそのペーパーバックを買うことができます。(等価・交換)
彼女は年のわりに若く見える。(観点)
ロンドンは霧で有名です。(理由)
彼女は3日間そこに滞在していた。(不特定期間)
from
1. I come from Canada.
2. Plastic is made from petroleum.
3. He is quite different from what he looks.
私はカナダ出身です。(出身)
プラスチックは石油から作られます。(原料)
彼はまったく見かけとは違います。(区別)
of
Our city is 30 kilometers north of Tokyo.
They were deprived of their political rights.
This house is made of wood.
While sleeping, he died of heart attack.
This book is of great use to those who want to know a lot about Japan.
Do you believe in the existence of God?
We were all impressed by her love of her children.
There is no hope ofus winning this game.
私たちの町は東京の北30 kmにあります。(分離)
彼らは政治的権利を奪われた。(分離→除去)
この家は木造です。(材料)
睡眠中、彼は心臓発作で死亡した。(原因)
日本について多くを知りたいという人にとって、この本は大いに役立ちます。(of+抽象名詞)
あなたは神の存在を信じますか。(主格)
彼女の子供へに対する愛情に私たちはみな感動した。(目的格)
私たちがこの試合に勝つという望みは無い。(同格)
to
He drove me to the station.
I usually go to and from the office by bus.
This is the key to Room 202.
They were moved to tears.
To our joy, our son returned safe.
I was caught in a shower and wet to the skin.
彼は私を駅まで車で送ってくれた。(方向・到達)
私はたいていバスで仕事場へ行き来する。(方向・到達)
これは202号室の鍵です。(一致)
彼らは感動して涙を流した。(結果)
喜ばしいことに、私たちの息子は無事に帰ってきた。(to one’s+感情を表す名詞)
私はにわか雨に会い、ずぶぬれになった。(程度)
with
He brought an umbrella with him.
She cut meat with a knife.
The leaves turned yellow with the coming of autumn.
He sat there with his legs crossed.
I have nothing to do with the matter.
The poor child was shivering with cold.
彼は傘を持っていた。(所有)
彼女はナイフで肉を切った。(道具)
秋の到来とともに、木々の葉っぱが黄色くなった。(同時)
彼は脚を組んでそこにすわっていた。(付帯状況)
私はその件とは関係がありません。(関連)
その哀れな子供は寒さで震えていた。(原因)
under
My brother is lying under the table.
Our school building is under construction.
You are under arrest.
1. 弟はテーブルの下に横たわっています。(離れた下)
2. 私たちの校舎は建築中です。(行為の過程)
3. あなたを逮捕します。(支配)
over
The plane flew over the island.
We had a chat over a cup of coffee.
1. その飛行機はその島の上空を飛んだ。(離れた上)
2. 私たちはコーヒーを飲みながらおしゃべりをした。(従事)
below
There is a waterfall below this bridge.
The sun sank below the horizon.
1 この橋の下流に滝がある。(地理的な下)
2 太陽は地平線の下に沈んだ。(基準線より下)
above
The top of Mt. Fuji was seen above the clouds.
Jack lives in the room above us.
She is above telling a lie.
1. 富士山の頂上は雲の上に見えた。(離れた上)
2 ジャックは私たちの上の部屋に住んでいます。(離れた上)
3 彼女は決して嘘をつない。(超越)
through
This train will go through a long tunnel.
Those stores are open through the night.
I don't really think I'll get through the exam this summer.
He failed the business through laziness.
1 この列車は長いトンネルを通るでしょう。(貫通)
2 あれらの店は夜通し開いています。(全過程)
3 あれらの店は夜通し開いています。(全過程)
4 彼は怠慢さのためにその仕事に失敗した。(理由)
beyond
My house is just beyond that river.
His idea is beyond my comprehension.
This job is beyond me.
1 私の家はちょうどあの川を越えたところにある。(位置)
2 彼の考えは私の理解を超えている。(範囲外)
3 この仕事は私にはできない。(範囲外)
along
Go straight along this street.
Let’s proceed along the lines I suggested.
1 この通りに沿ってまっすぐ行きなさい。(空間的)
2 私が示した方針に従って進みましょう。(比喩的)
across
We saw a dog swim across the river.
My house is just across the street.
1 私たちは犬がその川を泳いで渡るのを見た。(平面的なものを横切って)
2 私の家はちょうどその通りの向かいがわにあります。(平面的なものの向こう)
among / between
This sport is popular among young people.
This train runs between Tokyo and Hakata.
1 このスポーツは若者たちに人気があります。(3者以上)
2 この列車は東京と博多の間を走ります。(2者間)
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