英文法5分ドリル《 ゴールデン動詞フレーズ 》⑫

本記事は独学・国内学習による
英検1級保持者が書きました。

《 ゴールデン動詞フレーズ 100人組手 》⑫

bring A to light　(publish）
「Aを明るみに出す」
なお，
come to light
も「(秘密などが)知れる，明らかになる」
という意味があるが，
自動詞扱いで目的語をとらない。
✰ A come about「Aが起こる」（＝happen）　　　　　　
✰ bring about A「Aを引き起こす」
✰ A come into being[existence]「Aが現れる」
✰ bring A into being「Aを生み出す」
✰ A come out「Aが明らかになる・Aが出版される」
✰ bring out A「Aを明らかにする・Aを出版する」
✰ A come to light「Aが明るみに出る」
✰ bring A to light「Aを明るみに出す」
✰ A come to an end「Aが終わる」
✰ bring A to an end「Aを終わらせる」（put an end to A）
✰ A come to (do)「Aが～するようになる」
✰ bring A to (do)「Aが～する気にさせる」
✰ bring oneself to (do)「～する気になる」
✰ A come home to B「AがB〈人〉に痛感される」
✰ bring A home to B「AをB〈人〉に痛感させる」
✰ A grow up「Aが育つ」
✰ bring up A「Aを育てる」（raise, rear）
⑴ 正解 ③
「彼女は私のミスを明るみに出すと私を脅迫した」
She threatened to bring my mistake to light.
She warned of revealing my mistake.
She intimidated me with the exposure of my mistake.
She menaced to expose my mistake.
She vowed to uncover my mistake.
She promised to divulge my mistake.
She hinted at making my mistake public.

③ bring up「～を育てる」
④ come up「(階段に)上がる」
はいずれも文意に合わないので消去。
② come about は自動詞扱いで目的語をとらない。
ここは因果関係を表す
〈原因〉bring about〈結果〉
の①が正解。
⑵ 正解 ①
「さまざまな要素がこの計画の失敗を引き起こした」
Various factors brought about the failure of this project.
A combination of elements led to the downfall of this project.
Several factors contributed to the collapse of this project.
Diverse elements led to the fiasco of this project.
Multiple factors caused the downfall of this project.
Several variables resulted in the failure of this project.
A multitude of factors influenced the failure of this project.

call off「～を中止する」
excursionは「遠足」
the traffic disorder
は事故などによる「交通の混乱」
◆ call を含む句動詞
call off：キャンセルする
　✰ cancel (キャンセルする)
　✰ abandon (中止する)
　✰ scrap (廃棄する)
　✰ withdraw (撤回する)
　✰ terminate (終了する)
　✰ halt (停止する)
call out：呼び出す
　✰ summon (呼び出す)
　✰ hail (呼び止める)
　✰ shout (叫ぶ)
　✰ exclaim (叫び出す)
　✰ invoke (呼びかける)
　✰ yell (叫ぶ)
call up：呼び出す
　✰ summon (呼び出す)
　✰ invoke (呼び出す)
　✰ dial (ダイヤルする)
　✰ phone (電話する)
　✰ contact (連絡する)
　✰ reach (連絡する)
call for：要求する
　✰ demand (要求する)
　✰ require (必要とする)
ask for (求める)
　✰ request (依頼する)
　✰ necessitate (必要とする)
　✰ insist on (主張する)
call in：呼び寄せる
　✰ summon (呼び寄せる)
　✰ invite (招く)
　✰ convene (招集する)
　✰ gather (集める)
　✰ seek (求める)
　✰ bring in (呼び寄せる)
call on：要求する
　✰ request (要求する)
　✰ ask for (求める)
　✰ demand (要求する)
　✰ appeal to (訴える)
　✰ invoke (呼びかける)
　✰ require (要求する)
⑶ 正解 ③
「残念ながら，遠足は交通の混乱により中止されました」
Unfortunately the excursion was called off because of the traffic disorder.
Regrettably, the outing was canceled due to traffic chaos.
Sadly, the trip was abandoned because of traffic disturbances.
Unfortunately, the excursion was scrapped owing to traffic mayhem.
Sadly, the outing was terminated due to traffic disorder.
Unfortunately, the trip was aborted because of traffic disruption.
Regrettably, the excursion was halted due to traffic congestion.

get rid of「～を取り除く」
を用いて「借金を返済し終える」の意味を作る。
get out of the debt
でもこの意味を表すが
①にはofがないので失格。
◆ get を含む句動詞
get along：仲良くやる
　✰ socialize
　✰ manage well
　✰ cope
　✰ socialize well
　✰ associate
　✰ accompany
get around：回避する
　✰ avoid
　✰ circumvent
　✰ pass by
　✰ go around
　✰ change location
　✰ evade
get at：暗示する
　✰ suggest
　✰ imply
　✰ hint
　✰ allude
　✰ indicate
　✰ express
get away：逃げる
　✰ escape
　✰ flee
　✰ evade
　✰ run away
　✰ exit
　✰ abscond
get by：やりくりする
　✰ manage
　✰ somehow
　✰ withstand
　✰ get through
　✰ survive
get down：落ち着かせる
　✰ calm down
　✰ settle down
　✰ lower
　✰ decrease
　✰ progress
　✰ record
get in：入る
　✰ enter
　✰ include
　✰ participate
　✰ acquire
　✰ obtain
get off：降りる
　✰ disembark
　✰ descend
　✰ lower
　✰ withdraw
　✰ quit
get on：乗る
　✰ ride
　✰ board
　✰ progress
　✰ advance
　✰ start
　✰ continue
get over：乗り越える
　✰ overcome
　✰ conquer
　✰ recover
　✰ prevail
　✰ calm down
　✰ surpass
get through：突破する
　✰ pass through
　✰ go through
　✰ complete
　✰ connect
　✰ finish
get up：起きる
　✰ rise
　✰ ascend
　✰ stand up
　✰ wake
　✰ get out of bed
⑷ 正解 ④
「君はまず最初に多額の借金を返済しなければならない」
First of all you have to get rid of the heavy debt.
Initially, you must eliminate the substantial debt.
To begin with, you need to rid yourself of the burdensome debt.
Firstly, you should dispose of the hefty debt.
First and foremost, you must shake off the weighty debt.
At the outset, you have to eliminate the massive debt.
In the first place, you need to get rid of the considerable debt.

get over A「Aを克服する」
◆『Aを克服する』
　✰ overcome A
　✰ conquer A
　✰ get past A
　✰ move beyond A
　✰ surmount A
　✰ rise above A
　✰ triumph over A
　✰ master A
　✰ beat A
　✰ prevail against A
　✰ deal with A
　✰ cope with A
　✰ come to terms with A
　✰ navigate through A
　✰ pass A
　✰ tackle A
　✰ handle A
　✰ resolve A
　✰ break free from A
　✰ let go of A
　✰ shake off A
　✰ surpass A
　✰ defeat A
　✰ adapt to A
　✰ accept A
⑸ 正解 ④
「かぜを治すのに1ヶ月以上かかった」
It took me more than a month to get over my cold.
I needed over a month to recover from my cold.
It required more than a month for me to recuperate from my cold.
I spent over a month getting past my cold.
It took me in excess of a month to overcome my cold.
I struggled for more than a month to shake off my cold.
It took me over a month to bounce back from my cold.

keep A from doing
「Aに～させない」
go out alone at night
「夜一人ででかける」
◆ keep を含む句動詞
keep on：続ける
　✰ continue (続ける)
　✰ carry on (続ける)
　✰ go on (続ける)
　✰ persist (持続する)
keep up：維持する
　✰ maintain (維持する)
　✰ proceed (進行する)
　✰ keep up (維持する)
　✰ maintain (維持する)
　✰ sustain (維持する)
　✰ uphold (維持する)
　✰ sustain (維持する)
　✰ preserve (維持する)
　✰ support (支持する)
keep out：外に出さない
　✰ exclude (排除する)
　✰ shut out (外に閉め出す)
　✰ bar (閉め出す)
　✰ block (ブロックする)
　✰ prevent (防ぐ)
　✰ repel (拒絶する)
keep away：離れている
　✰ stay away (離れている)
　✰ avoid (避ける)
　✰ steer clear (遠ざかる)
　✰ refrain (控える)
　✰ distance (距離を置く)
　✰ abstain (遠ざかる)
keep back：抑える
　✰ restrain (抑える)
　✰ hold back (抑える)
　✰ suppress (抑える)
　✰ withhold (保留する)
　✰ inhibit (抑制する)
　✰ control (コントロールする)
keep down：抑える
　✰ suppress (抑える)
　✰ control (制御する)
　✰ restrain (抑える)
　✰ hold down (抑える)
　✰ subdue (抑える)
　✰ manage (管理する)
keep in：中に入れる
　✰ confine (閉じ込める)
　✰ retain (保持する)
　✰ contain (含む)
　✰ imprison (閉じ込める)
　✰ enclose (囲む)
　✰ confine (制限する)
keep off ：遠ざける
　✰ avoid (避ける)
　✰ stay away (遠ざける)
　✰ steer clear (避ける)
　✰ keep away from (遠ざける)
　✰ refrain from (控える)
　✰ abstain from (遠ざける)
keep to：固執する
　✰ adhere to (固執する)
　✰ stick to (固執する)
　✰ abide by (従う)
　✰ follow (従う)
　✰ comply with (従う)
　✰ stick with (固執する)
keep from：遠ざける
　✰ refrain from (控える)
　✰ avoid (避ける)
　✰ prevent (防ぐ)
　✰ keep away from (遠ざける)
　✰ stay away from (避ける)
　✰ abstain from (遠ざける)
⑹ 正解 ②
「彼女は息子が夜一人で出かけるのをやめさせることができなかった」
She could not keep her son from going out alone at night.
She failed to prevent her son from venturing out alone at night.
She was unable to stop her son from going out alone at night.
Despite her efforts, her son went out alone at night.
She couldn't dissuade her son from going out alone at night.
Her son went out alone at night despite her attempts to stop him.
Despite her best efforts, her son still went out alone at night.

keep away from A
「Aに近付かない」
からkeepを他動詞にして後に目的語を置くと
「OをAにちかづかせない」
⑺ 正解 ②
「危険地帯から子供たちを遠ざけておくべきだ」
You should keep your kids away from the danger area.
It's advisable to ensure your children stay clear of the danger zone.
Make sure your kids steer clear of the hazardous area.
Keep your children out of harm's way by avoiding the danger area.
Ensure your kids avoid the perilous zone.
It's important to prevent your children from entering the danger area.
Keep your kids at a safe distance from the danger zone.

＜keep A in mind＞「Aを覚えておく」
◆『Aを思えておく』
　✰ remember A
　✰ bear A in mind
　✰ recall A
　✰ retain A in memory
　✰ hold A in one's thoughts
　✰ keep A in one's memory
　✰ keep A in one's mind
　✰ keep A in one's awareness
　✰ keep A in one's consciousness
　✰ keep A in one's recollection
　✰ keep A in one's mental inventory
　✰ maintain A in one's attention
　✰ preserve A in one's memory
　✰ keep A fresh in one's mind
　✰ keep A in one's consideration
　✰ keep A in one's focus
　✰ keep A in one's awareness
　✰ hold onto A in one's mind
　✰ store A in one's memory
　✰ embed A in one's mind
　✰ fix A in one's memory
　✰ keep A firmly in mind
　✰ keep A constantly in mind
　✰ retain A in one's consciousness
　✰ keep A at the forefront of one's thoughts
⑻ 正解 ④
「この言葉を覚えておくとよいですよ」
You should keep this word in mind.
Remember to bear this word in mind.
It's essential to retain this word in your thoughts.
Make sure to keep this word at the forefront of your mind.
Don't forget to keep this word in your memory.
Keep this word in your consciousness.
Always have this word in your thoughts.

stand by A「Aを支持する」(support)
a good friend の a は同類を代表する不冠詞の為
「(親友)というものは」
と訳出した。
◆ stand を含む句動詞
　✰ stand by: support：支持する
　✰ stand up: rise：立ち上がる
　✰ stand out: be noticeable：目立つ
　✰ stand for: represent：代表する
　✰ stand in: substitute：代理を務める
　✰ stand back: retreat：後退する
　✰ stand up for: defend：擁護する
　✰ stand against: resist：抵抗する
　✰ stand aside: step aside：横に退く
　✰ stand around: loiter：待ち構える
will には
「～するものだ」
という〈習性〉を表す用法がある。
Cats will always land on their feet.
(猫はいつも足で着地するものだ)
He will often forget to lock the door.
(彼はよくドアを施錠し忘れるものだ)
In winter, the roads will often freeze.
(冬には道路が凍るものだ)
⑼ 正解 ①
「親友というものはいつでも君を支持してくれるものです」
A good friend will always stand by you.
A true friend will consistently support you.
A reliable friend will always be there for you.
A genuine friend will stand by your side through thick and thin.
A trustworthy friend will never let you down.
A dependable friend will always have your back.
A loyal friend will always stand by you.

let A out
「Aをうっかり言ってしまう」
③ down は「～を失望させる」
の意味になるので不可。
◆ let を含む句動詞
　✰ let down: disappoint - 落胆させる
　✰ let in: allow - 入れる
　✰ let on: reveal - 漏らす
　✰ let out: release - 解放する
　✰ let go: release - 解放する
　✰ let off: excuse - 許す
　✰ let up: ease - 和らげる
　✰ let alone: leave - 放っておく
　✰ let be: allow - 許す
　✰ let fly: release - 解き放つ
⑽ 正解 ④
「ケイトはうっかり秘密を漏らしてしまった」
Kate accidentally let the secret out.
Kate inadvertently disclosed the secret.
The secret was accidentally revealed by Kate.
Kate unintentionally divulged the secret.
The secret slipped out accidentally from Kate.
Kate accidentally spilled the beans about the secret.
The secret was accidentally leaked by Kate.

turn out (to be) A「Aだと分かる」
beggar「乞食」
thief「泥棒」
◆ turn を含む句動詞
　✰ turn down: reject - 拒否する
　✰ turn in: submit - 提出する
　✰ turn on: activate - 起動する
　✰ turn off: deactivate - 停止する
　✰ turn over: flip - ひっくり返す
　✰ turn out: produce - 生産する
　✰ turn up: appear - 現れる
　✰ turn around: reverse - 逆転させる
　✰ turn away: repel - 追い返す
　✰ turn back: return - 戻る
⑾ 正解 ②
「結局，そのこじきは泥棒だということがわかった」
At last the beggar turned out to be a thief.
Finally, it was revealed that the beggar was a thief.
Eventually, the beggar was discovered to be a thief.
In the end, it became known that the beggar was a thief.
Ultimately, it turned out that the beggar was a thief.
Finally, it emerged that the beggar was a thief.
Eventually, it was uncovered that the beggar was a thief.

run over A
「(車が)Aをひく」
こでは受動態の，
＜A be run over by＞
◆ run を含む句動詞
　✰ run across: encounter - 出くわす
　✰ run after: pursue - 追いかける
　✰ run away: flee - 逃げる
　✰ run down: criticize - 批判する
　✰ run into: encounter - 遭遇する
　✰ run out: deplete - 使い果たす
　✰ run over: collide - 衝突する
　✰ run off: leave quickly - 急いで去る
　✰ run up: accumulate - 負債を増やす
　✰ run for: compete for - ～を競う
⑿ 正解 ④
「その子供は自動車にひかれた」
The child was run over by a car.
A car accidentally hit the child.
The child was accidentally struck by a car.
The child was involved in a car accident.
A car accidentally collided with the child.
The child was accidentally hit by a passing car.
The child was accidentally run down by a car.

選択肢の中で自動車が主語になれるのは唯一
③ break down「故障する」
◆ break を含む句動詞
　✰ break down: malfunction - 故障する
　✰ break in: intrude - 押し入る
　✰ break out: erupt - 勃発する
　✰ break up: end a relationship - 解散する
　✰ break away: escape - 逃れる
　✰ break off: end suddenly - 突然終了する
　✰ break through: penetrate - 貫通する
　✰ break into: enter illegally - 不法侵入する
　✰ break up: disperse - 解散する
　✰ break up: divide into smaller parts - 分裂する
⒀ 正解 ③
「車が故障したので，私は仕事に遅刻した」
I was late for work because my car broke down.
My car breaking down caused me to be late for work.
I ended up being late for work due to my car breaking down.
The reason for my tardiness to work was my car breaking down.
I was delayed for work because my car experienced a breakdown.
My car's breakdown resulted in my being late for work.
My lateness for work was due to my car breaking down.

基本英文アウトプット

「彼女は私のミスを明るみに出すと私を脅迫した」

「さまざまな要素がこの計画の失敗を引き起こした」
Various factors brought about the failure of this project.
A combination of elements led to the downfall of this project.
Several factors contributed to the collapse of this project.
Diverse elements led to the fiasco of this project.
Multiple factors caused the downfall of this project.
Several variables resulted in the failure of this project.
A multitude of factors influenced the failure of this project.





「残念ながら，遠足は交通の混乱により中止されました」

「君はまず最初に多額の借金を返済しなければならない」

「かぜを治すのに1ヶ月以上かかった」

「彼女は息子が夜一人で出かけるのをやめさせることができなかった」

「危険地帯から子供たちを遠ざけておくべきだ」

「この言葉を覚えておくとよいですよ」

「親友というものはいつでも君を支持してくれるものです」

「ケイトはうっかり秘密を漏らしてしまった」

「結局，そのこじきは泥棒だということがわかった」
At last the beggar turned out to be a thief.
Finally, it was revealed that the beggar was a thief.
Eventually, the beggar was discovered to be a thief.
In the end, it became known that the beggar was a thief.
Ultimately, it turned out that the beggar was a thief.
Finally, it emerged that the beggar was a thief.
Eventually, it was uncovered that the beggar was a thief.






「その子供は自動車にひかれた」

「車が故障したので，私は仕事に遅刻した」

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