英文法5分ドリル《 ゴールデン動詞フレーズ 》⑥

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英検1級保持者が書きました。

《 ゴールデン動詞フレーズ 100人組手 》⑥

＜S suggest (to A) that S’ (should) do＞
の語法から，不定詞を用いた③④，
that の後に目的格の代名詞がきている①は不可。
⑴ 正解 ②
「先生は彼らが正午に出発するように言った」
The teacher suggested that they start at noon.
Starting at noon was suggested by the teacher.
The teacher's suggestion was to start at noon.
At noon was when the teacher suggested starting.
It was suggested by the teacher to start at noon.
Noon was suggested by the teacher as the starting time.
The suggestion of the teacher was to start at noon.

arrange that 節内の should は米語では省略される。
meeting「会」とhold「開催する」
holdーheldーheld
の関係を考えると meeting は hold の目的語であり
主語にはならない。よって①③は消去。
that の後が節にならない④も不可。
以下，holdの語法を確認。
　✰ hold O「Oを手に持つ」「Oを催す」
　✰ hold (to be) C「OをCと考える」(consider)
　✰ hold [自]「持ちこたえる」「続く」(keep)
The meeting was held on Friday.
(会議は金曜日に開かれた)
They hold me (to be) responsible for it.
(その責任は私にあると彼らは思っている)
The fine weather will hold for a few days.
(よい天気が数日続くだろう)
⑵ 正解 ②
「会は火曜日に開かれることになっている」
It is arranged that the meeting be held on Tuesday.
Tuesday is when the meeting is arranged to be held.
The arrangement is for the meeting to be held on Tuesday.
It has been arranged that the meeting will be held on Tuesday.
The arrangement is for Tuesday to be the day of the meeting.
On Tuesday is when the meeting is arranged to be held.
It has been arranged that on Tuesday, the meeting will be held.

後の前置詞 from から空所には自動詞が必要。
②「泊まる」
③「(車が)停まる」
④「近寄る」
いずれも「その場面から」の意の前置詞句と意味が合わない。
withdraw は「引き下がる」の意。
　✰ S order O from N 「OをNに注文する」
　✰ S order O to do「Oに～するよに命じる」
　✰ S order that S (should) do「…ということを命じる」
× S order O to N
⑶ 正解 ①
「彼は部隊にその場から直ちに撤退するように命じた」
He ordered that the unit should immediately withdraw from the scene.
Immediate withdrawal from the scene was ordered by him.
He gave the order for the unit to withdraw immediately from the scene.
The order given by him was for the unit to withdraw immediately from the scene.
He ordered an immediate withdrawal of the unit from the scene.
The unit was ordered by him to withdraw immediately from the scene.
His order was for an immediate withdrawal of the unit from the scene.

文頭の It が that 以下の仮主語。
that 節の内容は「決める」のではなく
「決められる」ので①②を消去。
decide (up)on の後は名詞，動名詞，疑問詞句等の名詞要素。
節はこないので③が正解。
〔decide の語法〕
　✰ decide on A「Aを決心する」
　✰ decide to do「～する決心をする」
　✰ decide that「…ということを決定する」
× decide doing
⑷ 正解 ③
「学生はまず古城を見学することに決まった」
It was decided that the students visit the old castle first.
Visiting the old castle first was decided upon.
The decision was made for the students to visit the old castle first.
The decision was that the students should visit the old castle first.
It was decided that first, the students should visit the old castle.
The decision made was that the students should visit the old castle first.
The decision was for the students to visit the old castle first.

自動詞 belong は状態を表す。
通例進行形にならない無意志動詞だから①は不可。
他動詞になっている②も失格。
belong to A「Aに属する」
⑸ 正解 ③
「彼女は合唱団に属している」
She belongs to the chorus.
Being a member of the chorus is her belonging.
Membership in the chorus belongs to her.
She belongs to the chorus as a member.
Her belonging is to the chorus as a member.
She belongs to the chorus by being a member.
The chorus has her as a member.

他動詞 contain は「含んでいる」の意の無意志動詞。
5が3回含まれている数はいくつかを問う問題。
three times 「3回」
⑹ 正解 ③
「15には5が3つある」
Five is contained in fifteen three times.
Three times, five is contained in fifteen.
Contained in fifteen are three instances of five.
Fifteen contains five in a threefold manner.
In fifteen, five is contained thrice.
There are three occurrences of five contained in fifteen.
The containment of five in fifteen happens three times.

自動詞 consist「成り立っている」
通例、進行形不可。
①は不可。受動態になっている④も失格。
「～から成立している」
の意味では of をとるので②も不可。
＜consist of A＞
「Aで成り立つ」
⑺ 正解 ③
「私たちのクラスは生徒が35名だ」
Our class consists of 35 students.
Thirty-five students comprise our class.
Our class is composed of 35 students.
Comprising our class are 35 students.
Our class consists of 35 students.
Thirty-five students make up our class.
Our class is made up of 35 students.

選択肢とhave putを組み合わせた句の意味はそれぞれ，
　①「～する必要がなかったのに」
　②「～したかもしれない」
　③「～したはずがない」
　④「～したはずだ」
後半の発言は「運動会を延期する」の意。
①③は意味から消去。
⑻ 正解 ④
「雨が本格的に降り出したね」
「そうか。運動会は延期すべきだったかな」
A：It has begun to rain heavily.
B：Well, we should have put off the athletic meet.
Heavy rain has begun.
The athletic meet should have been postponed.
Rain has started pouring heavily.
We ought to have delayed the athletic meet.
Heavy rain has started falling.
Postponing the athletic meet would have been appropriate.
We ought to have postponed the athletic meet.
It would have been better to reschedule the athletic meet.
The athletic meet should have been delayed.
We should have pushed back the athletic meet.
It was a mistake not to have postponed the athletic meet.
Postponing the athletic meet would have been the right decision.

＜人 mean to do＞
「～するつもりだ」
②は完了不定詞＜to have done＞で
「～するつもりだったのに」
となり文意が通る。
⑼ 正解 ②
「彼女は彼らに手紙を出すつもりだったが忘れてしまった」
She meant to have written a letter to them, but forgot to do so.
She meant to send them a letter, but she forgot.
Her intention was to write a letter to them, but she forgot.
She intended to correspond with them, but she forgot.
She forgot to write a letter to them, as she intended.
Her plan was to write a letter to them, but she forgot.
She meant to communicate with them via letter, but she forgot.

《アウトプット基本英文》

「先生は彼らが正午に出発するように言った」

「会は火曜日に開かれることになっている」

「彼は部隊にその場から直ちに撤退するように命じた」

「学生はまず古城を見学することに決まった」

「彼女は合唱団に属している」

「15には5が3つある」

「私たちのクラスは生徒が35名だ」

「雨が本格的に降り出したね」
「そうか。運動会は延期すべきだったかな」

「彼女は彼らに手紙を出すつもりだったが忘れてしまった」

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