英文法5分ドリル《 ゴールデン動詞フレーズ 》⑪

TEX 二井原

TEX 二井原

テーマ:大学入試・TOEIC・英検


本記事は独学・国内学習による
英検1級保持者が書きました。

《 ゴールデン動詞フレーズ 100人組手 》⑪

⑴ The wage level is based (   ) each employee’s ability.
  ① on      
  ② for      
  ③ to      
  ④ in

<base A on B>
「Aの基礎をBに置く」
受動形だと,
<A is based on B>
ここは能動で訳出した。
◆『Aに基づく・Aが根源である』
 ✰ based on A: Aに基づく
 ✰ derived from A: Aに由来する
 ✰ grounded in A: Aに根ざして
 ✰ founded on A: Aに基づいて設立された
 ✰ stemming from A: Aに起因する
 ✰ rooted in A: Aに根ざして
 ✰ built upon A: Aに基づいて構築された
 ✰ formed by A: Aによって形成された
 ✰ originating from A: Aに由来する
 ✰ originated in A: Aに起源を持つ
 ✰ resting on A: Aに依存している
 ✰ centered on A: Aを中心にして
 ✰ hinging on A: Aにかかっている
 ✰ grounded upon A: Aに根ざして
 ✰ relying on A: Aに頼っている
 ✰ in accordance with A: Aに従って
 ✰ in line with A: Aと一致して
 ✰ in conformity with A: Aに従って
 ✰ in compliance with A: Aに準拠して
 ✰ following A: Aに従って
⑴ 正解 ①
「賃金水準は従業員各人の能力にもとづいています」
The wage level is based on each employee’s ability.
The wage level is determined by the individual capabilities of each employee.
The wage level is contingent upon the skillset of each employee.
Each employee's wage is determined by their respective abilities.
The wage level varies according to each employee's capability.
Each employee's wage is commensurate with their ability.
Wage levels are adjusted based on the abilities of individual employees.
The wage scale is tailored to reflect the abilities of each employee.






⑵ We offer you our (   ) your success in the entrance examination.
  ① congratulation on
  ② congratulation to    
  ③ congratulations on
  ④ congratulations to

<congratulations on A>
この「on」は特定の行動や成果を祝う際に使われる
一般的な表現。
ここでは「A」は祝福される対象や成果を指し、
「on」はその対象や成果に対して
祝福や賞賛を示すための前置詞。
「on」は他にも、特定のイベントや状況に対して、
その状態や出来事を表す語句とともに使用される。
例えば、
 on time(時間通りに)
 on schedule(予定通りに)
⑵ 正解 ③
「入試合格のお祝いを申し上げます」
We offer you our congratulations on your success in the entrance examination.
We extend our congratulations to you for your success in the entrance examination.
Congratulations are in order for your achievement in the entrance examination.
Allow us to congratulate you on your successful performance in the entrance examination.
Congratulations on passing the entrance examination!
We're delighted to congratulate you on your entrance examination success.
Our heartfelt congratulations go out to you for excelling in the entrance examination.
Well done on passing the entrance examination! Congratulations!







⑶ He was persuaded (   ) the special mission to Japan.
  ① into accepting  
  ② to accepting   
  ③ into acceptance  
  ④ out of accept

<persuade A into B>
「Aを説得してBさせる」の受動形
<A is persuade into B>
③は前置詞の目的語と名詞が連続してしまうので不可。
④はout ofの後に動詞の原形がきているのでダメ。
persuade to do の語法はあるが
to の後に ing 形がきている②も失格。
⑶ 正解 ①
「彼は日本への特別任務を引き受けるよう説得された」
He was persuaded into accepting the special mission to Japan.
He was convinced to undertake the special mission to Japan.
He was swayed into agreeing to the special mission to Japan.
He was persuaded to take on the special mission to Japan.
He was talked into accepting the special mission to Japan.
He reluctantly agreed to undertake the special mission to Japan.
He was coerced into accepting the special mission to Japan.
He yielded to pressure and accepted the special mission to Japan.







⑷ He divided the apple into two (   ).
  ① half    
  ② halves    
  ③ halfs    
  ④ halve

<divide A into B>
「AをBに分割する」
◆『AをBに分ける』
 ✰ break A down into B: AをBに分割する
 ✰ split A into B: AをBに分割する
 ✰ partition A into B: AをBに分割する
 ✰ subdivide A into B: AをBに分割する
 ✰ segment A into B: AをBに分割する
 ✰ separate A into B: AをBに分割する
 ✰ cut A into B: AをBに分割する
 ✰ divide up A into B: AをBに分割する
 ✰ dismember A into B: AをBに分割する
 ✰ dissect A into B: AをBに分割する
 ✰ fragment A into B: AをBに分割する
 ✰ section A into B: AをBに分割する
 ✰ carve A into B: AをBに分割する
 ✰ disunite A into B: AをBに分割する
 ✰ part A into B: AをBに分割する
 ✰ bisect A into B: AをBに分割する
 ✰ parcel A into B: AをBに分割する
 ✰ slice A into B: AをBに分割する
 ✰ apportion A into B: AをBに分割する
④は動詞だから不可。
単数形の①も消去。
halfの正しい形の複数形は②。
⑷ 正解 ②
「彼はりんごを2等分した」
He divided the apple into two halves.
He cut the apple in half.
He sliced the apple into two equal parts.
He bisected the apple to create two halves.
He divided the apple down the middle.
He split the apple into two halves.
He separated the apple into two equal sections.
He halved the apple, dividing it into two parts.







⑸ The child cried because she couldn’t put (   ) with the pain.
  ① into      
  ② on      
  ③ off      
  ④ up

cry「大声をあげて泣く」
pain「痛み」
put up with「~を我慢する」
bear「(苦痛・不幸)に耐える」
be patient「(広い意味で)我慢する」
⑸ 正解 ④
「子供は痛みが我慢できなかったので,大声を上げて泣いた」
The child cried because she couldn’t put up with the pain.
The child wept because she couldn't endure the pain.
The child sobbed due to her inability to bear the pain.
The child cried as she couldn't tolerate the pain.
The child shed tears because the pain was too much for her.
The child sobbed uncontrollably because she couldn't withstand the pain.
The child broke into tears as she couldn't handle the pain.
The child was inconsolable because she couldn't endure the pain.





⑹ He takes (   ) his father in personality.
  ① on    
  ② after    
  ③ out    
  ④ off

take after「~に似ている」(resemble)
in personality「性格において」
◆『似ている』
 ✰ similar: 似ている
 ✰ alike: 似ている
 ✰ resembling: 似ている
 ✰ comparable: 似ている
 ✰ corresponding: 似ている
 ✰ analogous: 似ている
 ✰ homogeneous: 似ている
 ✰ affiliated: 似ている
 ✰ allied: 似ている
 ✰ consistent: 似ている
 ✰ homologous: 似ている
 ✰ uniform: 似ている
 ✰ equivalent: 似ている
 ✰ proportional: 似ている
 ✰ parallel: 似ている
 ✰ kindred: 似ている
 ✰ harmonious: 似ている
 ✰ consonant: 似ている
 ✰ mimicking: 似ている
 ✰ homogeneous: 似ている
⑹ 正解 ②
「彼は性格がお父さんによく似ている」
He takes after his father in personality.
He inherits his father's personality.
He resembles his father in personality.
He takes after his father's personality.
He shares similarities with his father's personality.
He has inherited his father's traits.
His personality mirrors that of his father.
He bears a striking resemblance to his father in personality.









⑺ He took (   ) the shipping business from his uncle.
  ① after     
  ② on     
  ③ out     
  ④ over

shipping businessは「海運業」
take on には「引き受ける」の意味があるが,
from his uncle「おじさんから」と意味が合わない。
take overで「(職業など)を引き継ぐ」の意。
◆ take を含む Phrasal Verves:
 ✰ take off: succeed rapidly
   脱ぐ、飛行機が飛び立つ
 ✰ take in: comprehend, absorb
   取り込む、理解する、裁縫で縮める
 ✰ take on: undertake, challenge
   引き受ける、挑戦する、取りかかる
 ✰ take out: extract, remove
   取り出す、外出する、貸し出す、除く
 ✰ take up: begin, engage in, occupy space/time
   始める、取り上げる、場所/時間を取る
 ✰ take down: record, dismantle
   書き留める、撤去する
 ✰ take over: assume control, dominate, occupy
   引き継ぐ、支配する、占領する
 ✰ take away: remove, carry off, bring back
   持ち去る、取り除く、持ち帰る
 ✰ take apart: disassemble, dismantle
   分解する、解体する
 ✰ take back: retract, withdraw, regret
   取り戻す、取り消す、後悔する
 ✰ take care of: attend to, be cautious
   世話をする、気をつける
 ✰ take up with: become associated with
   ~と付き合い始める/関係を持つ
 ✰ take off: emove clothes, depart (plane)
   急速に成功する
⑺ 正解 ④
「彼はおじさんから海運業の仕事を引き継いだ」
He took over the shipping business from his uncle.
He assumed control of the shipping business from his uncle.
He assumed management of the shipping business from his uncle.
He took charge of the shipping business from his uncle.
He inherited the shipping business from his uncle.
He seized control of the shipping business from his uncle.
He stepped into the shoes of his uncle in running the shipping business.
He became responsible for the shipping business after his uncle.







⑻ We’ll have to do (   ) butter because I forgot to get it today.
  ① with   
  ② up   
  ③ in    
  ④ without

<do without>
「~なしで済ます」
類似表現として
<do with>
「~を処理する」「~で済ます」
も重要。
◆ do を含むPhrasal Verves
 ✰ do away with: eliminate
   取り除く、廃止する
 ✰ do over: redo
   やり直す、改修する
 ✰ do without: forgo
   なしで済ます、~なしでやる
 ✰ do up: fasten
   しっかり締める、装飾する、改修する
 ✰ do in: exhaust
   疲れ果てさせる、殺す
 ✰ do out of: deprive
   ~を奪う、~を得る機会を奪う
 ✰ do down: belittle
    軽視する、落ち込ませる
 ✰ do for: assist
   ~にとって役立つ、~を助ける
 ✰ do up: tie
   包む、縛る
 ✰ do up: repair
   壊れた物を修理する
 ✰ do away with: eliminate
   ~を廃止する、~を取り除く
 ✰ do off: undress
   服を脱ぐ
 ✰ do up: fasten
   閉める、締める
 ✰ do up: repair
   手入れする、改装する
 ✰ do over: repeat
   やり直す、再び行う
 ✰ do in: tire
   疲れさせる、殺す
 ✰ do without: manage
   なしで済ます、~なしでやる
 ✰ do up: adorn
   引き締める、飾る
 ✰ do in: kill
   疲れさせる、殺す
 ✰ do out of: cheat
   ~を奪う、~を得る機会を奪う
⑻ 正解 ④
「今日はバターを買い忘れたので,なしで済ませなければならない」
We’ll have to do without butter because I forgot to get it today.
We will need to go without butter since I forgot to purchase it today.
We'll have to manage without butter because I forgot to buy it today.
We'll have to do without butter as I neglected to buy it today.
We'll have to go without butter because I failed to get it today.
We'll have to make do without butter since I forgot to pick it up today.
We'll have to forgo butter because I forgot to acquire it today.
We'll have to skip butter because I forgot to procure it today.









⑼ In any case the result will make no (   ) to him.
  ① difference     
  ② feeling    
  ③ meaning    
  ④ resemblance

make には「(事態など)を生じさせる」の意があり,
make no difference で「重要でない」となる。
次もこの make の用法。
make a noise「音をたてる」
make trouble「さわぎを起こす」
◆ make を含む句動詞:
 ✰ make up: reconcile
   和解する、化粧する、でっち上げる
 ✰ make out: discern
   理解する、判断する、進展する
 ✰ make up for: compensate
   埋め合わせる、補う
 ✰ make up one's mind: determine
   決心する
 ✰ make off: flee
   逃げる、立ち去る
 ✰ make up to: ngratiate
   取り入る、取りなす
 ✰ make do: improvise
   間に合わせる、我慢する
 ✰ make for: head for
   向かう、進む、助ける
 ✰ make up with:
   仲直りする
 ✰ make up for:
   埋め合わせる、補う
 ✰ make over: renovate
   改装する、書き直す
 ✰ make out: decipher
   見分ける、見極める
 ✰ make over: renovate
   譲渡する、変える
 ✰ make away with: steal
   ~を持ち去る
 ✰ make up one's mind: decide
   決意する
 ✰ make off with: steal
  ~を持ち去る
 ✰ make up: constitute
   構成する、形成する
 ✰ make out: perceive
   理解する、見える、達成する
 ✰ make up: fabricate
   創作する、でっち上げる
 ✰ make out: succeed
   進展する、成果を上げる
⑼ 正解 ①
「いずれにせよ,結果は彼にとって重要ではない」
In any case the result will make no difference to him.
Regardless, the outcome will not affect him.
In any event, the result will have no impact on him.
Regardless of the outcome, it won't make a difference to him.
Irrespective of the result, it won't matter to him.
Whatever the outcome, it won't change anything for him.
Regardless of what happens, it won't affect him.
Regardless of the consequences, it won't impact him.









⑽ You should never (   ) down on others.
  ① put     
  ② look     
  ③ show     
  ④ throw

look down on「~を軽蔑する」
should neverは「けっして~してはいけない」
という強い禁止の意。
others代名詞としてはふつうは複数形で,
ここでは other people「他人」の意を表す。
◆ look を含む句動詞
 ✰ look after: care for, watch over
   世話をする、面倒を見る
 ✰ look ahead:
   先を見る、将来を考える
 ✰ look around: survey, inspect
   周りを見回す、見学する
 ✰ look at: examine, consider, view
    見る、検討する、~を考慮する
 ✰ look away:
   視線をそらす
 ✰ look back: reminisce, reflect on
   振り返る、回顧する
 ✰ look down: gaze downward, peer down
   下を見る、見下ろす
 ✰ look for: search for, seek out
   探す、期待する
 ✰ look forward to: anticipate, await eagerly
   楽しみにする、期待する
 ✰ look in: drop by, visit briefly
   立ち寄る、覗く
 ✰ look into: investigate, probe
   調査する、調べる
 ✰ look out: be careful, watch out
   注意する、用心する
 ✰ look over: examine, inspect
   目を通す、ざっと見る
 ✰ look through: peruse, skim through
   通して見る、見抜く
 ✰ look up:
   上を見る、調べる、向上する
 ✰ look up to: gaze upward, search for information
   尊敬する、見上げる
 ✰ look upon: regard, perceive as
   見なす、見ている
 ✰ look round: survey, glance around
   周囲を見回す
 ✰ look through: see through, scrutinize
   透かして見る、見抜く
 ✰ look to: rely on, count on
   ~を頼みにする、~を期待する
⑽ 正解 ②
「決して他人を軽蔑してはいけません」
You should never look down on others.
You should never underestimate others.
You should never belittle others.
You should never demean others.
You should never disparage others.
You should never look down upon others.
You should never scorn others.
You should never underestimate the capabilities of others.








⑾ While reading the newspaper, I came (   ) an interesting article on Japanese politics.
  ① across  
  ② over   
  ③ through   
  ④ up to

come across A「Aに偶然であう」
(meet A by chance, happen to meet A)
④ come up toは「(期待)に添う」
② come overは「~を超えてくる」
③ come throughは「きり抜ける」
◆ come を含む句動詞
 ✰ come across:
   encounter - 出会う
 ✰ come along:
   progress - 進む
 ✰ come around:
   change one's mind - 気を変える
 ✰ come by:
   obtain - 手に入れる
 ✰ come down:
   descend - 降りる
 ✰ come forward:
   volunteer - 進んで申し出る
 ✰ come in:
   enter - 入る
 ✰ come into:
   inherit - 相続する
 ✰ come off:
   succeed - 成功する
 ✰ come out:
   emerge - 出てくる
 ✰ come over:
   visit - 訪れる
 ✰ come round:
   visit - 訪れる
 ✰ come through:
   survive - 生き延びる
 ✰ come to:
   regain consciousness - 意識を取り戻す
 ✰ come up:
   arise - 発生する
 ✰ come upon:
   encounter unexpectedly - 偶然出会う
⑾ 正解 ①
「新聞を読んでいたら,日本の政治に関する面白い記事をたまたま見つけた」
While reading the newspaper, I came across an interesting article on Japanese politics.
While perusing the newspaper, I stumbled upon an intriguing article about Japanese politics.
While browsing the newspaper, I chanced upon an interesting article on Japanese politics.
While scanning the newspaper, I came across a fascinating article about Japanese politics.
While reading the newspaper, I happened upon an engaging article on Japanese politics.
While flipping through the newspaper, I discovered an absorbing article about Japanese politics.
While glancing through the newspaper, I found an enlightening article on Japanese politics.
While skimming the newspaper, I encountered an insightful article about Japanese politics.


基本英文アウトプット


「賃金水準は従業員各人の能力にもとづいています」

The wage level is based on each employee’s ability.
The wage level is determined by the individual capabilities of each employee.
The wage level is contingent upon the skillset of each employee.
Each employee's wage is determined by their respective abilities.
The wage level varies according to each employee's capability.
Each employee's wage is commensurate with their ability.
Wage levels are adjusted based on the abilities of individual employees.
The wage scale is tailored to reflect the abilities of each employee.






「入試合格のお祝いを申し上げます」

We offer you our congratulations on your success in the entrance examination.
We extend our congratulations to you for your success in the entrance examination.
Congratulations are in order for your achievement in the entrance examination.
Allow us to congratulate you on your successful performance in the entrance examination.
Congratulations on passing the entrance examination!
We're delighted to congratulate you on your entrance examination success.
Our heartfelt congratulations go out to you for excelling in the entrance examination.
Well done on passing the entrance examination! Congratulations!







「彼は日本への特別任務を引き受けるよう説得された」

He was persuaded into accepting the special mission to Japan.
He was convinced to undertake the special mission to Japan.
He was swayed into agreeing to the special mission to Japan.
He was persuaded to take on the special mission to Japan.
He was talked into accepting the special mission to Japan.
He reluctantly agreed to undertake the special mission to Japan.
He was coerced into accepting the special mission to Japan.
He yielded to pressure and accepted the special mission to Japan.







「彼はりんごを2等分した」

He divided the apple into two halves.
He cut the apple in half.
He sliced the apple into two equal parts.
He bisected the apple to create two halves.
He divided the apple down the middle.
He split the apple into two halves.
He separated the apple into two equal sections.
He halved the apple, dividing it into two parts.






「子供は痛みが我慢できなかったので,大声を上げて泣いた」

The child cried because she couldn’t put up with the pain.
The child wept because she couldn't endure the pain.
The child sobbed due to her inability to bear the pain.
The child cried as she couldn't tolerate the pain.
The child shed tears because the pain was too much for her.
The child sobbed uncontrollably because she couldn't withstand the pain.
The child broke into tears as she couldn't handle the pain.
The child was inconsolable because she couldn't endure the pain.






「彼は性格がお父さんによく似ている」

He takes after his father in personality.
He inherits his father's personality.
He resembles his father in personality.
He takes after his father's personality.
He shares similarities with his father's personality.
He has inherited his father's traits.
His personality mirrors that of his father.
He bears a striking resemblance to his father in personality.






「彼はおじさんから海運業の仕事を引き継いだ」

He took over the shipping business from his uncle.
He assumed control of the shipping business from his uncle.
He assumed management of the shipping business from his uncle.
He took charge of the shipping business from his uncle.
He inherited the shipping business from his uncle.
He seized control of the shipping business from his uncle.
He stepped into the shoes of his uncle in running the shipping business.
He became responsible for the shipping business after his uncle.






「今日はバターを買い忘れたので,なしで済ませなければならない」

We’ll have to do without butter because I forgot to get it today.
We will need to go without butter since I forgot to purchase it today.
We'll have to manage without butter because I forgot to buy it today.
We'll have to do without butter as I neglected to buy it today.
We'll have to go without butter because I failed to get it today.
We'll have to make do without butter since I forgot to pick it up today.
We'll have to forgo butter because I forgot to acquire it today.
We'll have to skip butter because I forgot to procure it today.







「いずれにせよ,結果は彼にとって重要ではない」

In any case the result will make no difference to him.
Regardless, the outcome will not affect him.
In any event, the result will have no impact on him.
Regardless of the outcome, it won't make a difference to him.
Irrespective of the result, it won't matter to him.
Whatever the outcome, it won't change anything for him.
Regardless of what happens, it won't affect him.
Regardless of the consequences, it won't impact him.






「決して他人を軽蔑してはいけません」

You should never look down on others.
You should never underestimate others.
You should never belittle others.
You should never demean others.
You should never disparage others.
You should never look down upon others.
You should never scorn others.
You should never underestimate the capabilities of others.






「新聞を読んでいたら,日本の政治に関する面白い記事をたまたま見つけた」

While reading the newspaper, I came across an interesting article on Japanese politics.
While perusing the newspaper, I stumbled upon an intriguing article about Japanese politics.
While browsing the newspaper, I chanced upon an interesting article on Japanese politics.
While scanning the newspaper, I came across a fascinating article about Japanese politics.
While reading the newspaper, I happened upon an engaging article on Japanese politics.
While flipping through the newspaper, I discovered an absorbing article about Japanese politics.
While glancing through the newspaper, I found an enlightening article on Japanese politics.
While skimming the newspaper, I encountered an insightful article about Japanese politics.





◆ 著作権は本記事作成者に帰属します。
 本記事の無断流用、転記を禁じます。
今後も英語学習に関わる記事を発信していきます。
   

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★英検1級所持の代表自ら個別指導★ 難関大合格 ★ 英検合格 3~1級合格 ★ TOEIC 900 突破 ★ たった一人の生徒さんに完璧に合わせたプログラム

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