英作文《瞬発トレーニング》⑥ ★ もはや快楽 ♪

本記事は独学・国内学習による
英検1級保持者が書きました。

英作文の対策として次の戦略は完全な間違いです。

　● 英文暗唱
　● 頻出表現暗記
　● 日本語：英語の 〈1対1 暗記〉

これらの戦略は、果て無き暗記に挑む「負け戦」です。
英作文の参考書で示されている模範解答の暗記も
絶対にやめてください。
日本語と英語へのトランスレーションを強化する
学習は英語学習において逆効果です。

例えば、普及のベストセラーとその類書達

　『瞬間〇〇文』
　『〇〇英文700選』
　『英語〇〇150』

これらの類書は英語学習の発想として根本的に間違いです。
こんなん真面目にやってたら一生、
英作文が出来るようにならないでしょう。
これに関しては英語指導者の端くれとして
近く科学的にキチンと論証します。

では英作文の対策はどうすべきか。

日本文に対する英文を出来る限り言い換えたうえで、
日本語と紐づけするのです！

英文のバリエーションが表現と発想の柔軟性を養い、
臨機応変、変幻自在の瞬発力を生み出します。

《地獄の果てまで瞬発トレーニング》
では、与えられた和文に対する英文が
どんどん言い換えられます。
それをとにかく読み倒してください。
アウトプットを意識いながらインプットするのです。

その後、英作文のトレーニングのパートにアタックする
流れになっています。
「脳内英作文」で十分に学習効果が得られるはずです。
今までにない成長の実感が得られることを約束します。

このシリーズは既に1000題の問題を作成しています。
よって、今後続編を随時公開します。
ホンモノが分かる英語学習者のみを対象にします。
無限英作文地獄を味わってください。

「この道を行けばどうなるものか。
危ぶむなかれ、危ぶめば道はなし。
踏み出せばその一足がみちとなり、
その一足が道となる。
迷わず行けよ、
行けばわかるさ」

"Where this road will lead, who can say?
Do not be afraid, for if you hesitate, the road disappears.
Take a step, and that step becomes the path,
That step becomes the way.
Without hesitation, go,
For by going, you will understand."

Part 1：インプット英文7変化

空所に適切な語を入れて音読してください。
001

　▸〈It is＋時間＋before …〉
　「…するまでは～の時間がかかる」
I guess it will be a long time before I can return to Japan.
　✰ It is hours before...
　　「...するまでは時間がかかる」
　✰ It is a long time before...
　　「...するまでは長い時間がかかる」
　✰ It is quite some time before...
　　「..　.するまではかなりの時間がかかる」
　✰ It is a while before...
　　「...するまではしばらくの時間がかかる」
　✰ It is a significant amount of time before...
　　「...するまではかなりの時間がかかる」
It may be a while before I can return to Japan.
It might be some time before I'm able to go back to Japan.
Returning to Japan might take quite a while, I suppose.
I anticipate it'll be a considerable amount of time before I can return to Japan.
Perhaps it'll be a lengthy period before I'm able to revisit Japan.
I think it'll be a while before I can make it back to Japan.






002

⒜ Ten years have passed since my mother died.
⒝ It has been ten years since my mother died.
⒞ My mother died ten years ago.
⒟ My mother has been dead for ten years.
　✰ Several hours have passed since S did...
　　「S が...してから数時間が経過した」
　✰ A considerable amount of time has elapsed since S did...
　　「S が...してからかなりの時間が経過した」
　✰ Many days have gone by since S did...
　　「S が...してから多くの日が経過した」
　✰ Quite some time has passed since S did...
　　「S が...してからかなりの時間が経過した」
　✰ A significant period of time has passed since S did...
　　「S が...してからかなりの時間が経過した」
It's been a decade since my mother passed away.
　▸〈時間＋have passed since S did〉
　　「S が…してから～になる」
My mother passed away a decade ago.
It's been ten years since my mother's passing.
A decade has passed since my mother's demise.
Since my mother's death, ten years have gone by.
It has been a full ten years since my mother passed away.




003

He has agreed to come on condition that there won't be any danger.
　▸〈on condition that S V〉「…という条件で」
　　that はよく省略される
　✰ provided S V: S Vである限り
　✰ as long as S V: S Vである限り
　✰ if S V: もしS Vならば
　✰ under the condition that S V: S Vという条件で
　✰ on the understanding that S V: S Vという前提で
He agreed to come, provided there's no danger.
He agreed to come, on the condition that there's no danger.
He agreed to come, as long as there's no danger.
He agreed to come, under the condition that there's no danger.
He agreed to come, with the stipulation that there's no danger.






004

You have only to study hard to pass the exam.
　▸〈You have only to do〉
　　「…しさえすればよい」
　　　(=All you have to do is (to) do … )
　✰ All that is required is to do
　✰ Simply do
　✰ Just need to do
　✰ Only need to do
　✰ Merely need to do
You just need to study hard to pass the exam.
All you need to do is study hard to pass the exam.
Simply study hard, and you'll pass the exam.
To pass the exam, all that's required is diligent studying.
Passing the exam is as simple as studying hard.
Study hard, and passing the exam will be effortless.








005

This is how I mastered[ learned] English grammar.
　▸〈This is how[the way] S V〉
　　「このようにして…」
　✰ This is the method by which S V.
　　(これがSがVする方法です)
　✰ Here's how S V.
　　(こうすればSがVします)
　✰ S V in this manner.
　　(この方法でSがVします)
　✰ This is the process through which S V.
　　(これがSがVする過程です)
　✰ This is the approach S takes to V.
　　(これがSがVするアプローチです)
This is the way I learned English grammar.
This is how I became proficient in English grammar.
This is how I acquired English grammar skills.
This is the method I used to learn English grammar.
This is how I attained mastery of English grammar.
This is the process through which I gained knowledge of English grammar.







006

I don’t mind in the least [slightest].
　▸〈not …in the least[slightest]〉
　　「少しも…でない」
否定の強調でnot … at all と同義
　✰ not at all
　✰ by no means
　✰ not in the slightest degree
　✰ not a bit
　✰ not even remotely
I don't mind at all.
I don't mind in the slightest.
I don't mind one bit.
I don't mind whatsoever.
I don't mind in the least.
I don't mind at the slightest.







007

We find it difficult to sell cigarettes.
　▸ SVOC でO が不定詞の場合必ず形式目的語it を用いる
✰ She found it difficult to understand the instructions.
　彼女は指示を理解するのが難しいと感じました。
✰ He considers it important to exercise regularly.
　彼は定期的に運動することが重要だと考えています。
✰ They made it a priority to finish the project on time.
　彼らはプロジェクトを時間通りに終わらせることを優先事項にしました。
✰ We find it helpful to review the material before exams.
　私たちは試験前に教材を復習することが役立つと感じます。
✰ The company deemed it necessary to implement new safety measures.
　その企業は新しい安全対策を実施する必要があると判断しました。
Selling cigarettes is challenging for us.
It's tough for us to sell cigarettes.
We struggle with selling cigarettes.
Selling cigarettes poses a challenge for us.
It's hard for us to move cigarettes.
Cigarette sales are difficult for us.







008

John is the taller of the two.
　▸〈the＋比較級＋of the two (＋複数名詞)〉
　　「2 つの中でより…」
　✰ the superior of the two (複数名詞)：
　　2 つの中でより優れた
　✰ the better of the two (複数名詞)：
　　2 つの中でより良い
　✰ the stronger of the two (複数名詞)：
　　2 つの中でより強い
　✰ the more capable of the two (複数名詞)：
　　2 つの中でより能力がある
　✰ the preferable of the two (複数名詞)：
　　2 つの中でより好ましい
John is the taller one.
John is the taller of the pair.
John is the taller among them.
John is taller than the other.
John is the taller individual.
John is the taller of them both.








009

On board the plane were no less[fewer] than 500 passengers.
　▸〈no less than A〉「A も(たくさん)」
　　A が可算名詞の複数形ならless はfewer でも可
　✰ a minimum of A
　✰ a minimum no smaller than A
　✰ a total of A
　✰ at least A
　✰ a bare minimum of A
There were no fewer than 500 passengers on board the plane.
On board the plane were at least 500 passengers.
There were a minimum of 500 passengers on board the plane.
The plane carried no fewer than 500 passengers.
Not less than 500 passengers were on board the plane.
There were no fewer than 500 passengers aboard the plane.







010

It was raining this morning, so I had difficulty [ trouble ] getting taxi.
　▸〈have difficulty[trouble] (in) doing〉
　　「…するのが難しい」
　✰ struggle to do
　✰ find it hard (to do)
　 ✰ have trouble (in) doing
　 ✰ encounter difficulty (in) doing
　 ✰ experience difficulty (in) doing
I had trouble getting a taxi this morning because it was raining.
Due to the rain this morning, I had difficulty getting a taxi.
Getting a taxi this morning was challenging because of the rain.
Because of the rain, I had trouble finding a taxi this morning.
The rain made it hard for me to get a taxi this morning.
I encountered difficulty getting a taxi this morning because of the rain.








011

To my surprise, Linda married John.
　▸〈to A’s＋感情名詞〉「A が…したことに」
　　感情名詞としては joy, grief, disappointment など
　✰ to A's joy (A が喜んだことに)
　 ✰ to A's grief (A が悲しんだことに)
　 ✰ to A's disappointment (A ががっかりしたことに)
　 ✰ to A's surprise (A が驚いたことに)
　 ✰ to A's relief (A が安堵したことに)
Surprisingly, Linda married John.
Linda's marriage to John came as a surprise.
I was surprised when Linda married John.
It was surprising that Linda married John.
John's marriage to Linda was unexpected.
Linda's decision to marry John was a surprise.







012

He was the last person I expected to run into in London.
　▸〈the last A＋関代〉「決して…しないA」
✰ The final person I would ask for advice.
　　最後に相談する人。
✰ The least likely candidate they would consider hiring.
　　彼らが採用を考慮する可能性が最も低い候補者。
✰ The very last thing I would do.
　　私がする最後のこと。
✰ The ultimate place I would visit.
　　私が訪れる究極の場所。
✰ The absolute worst option they would choose.
　　彼らが選ぶ絶対に最悪の選択肢。
He was the least likely person I expected to meet in London.
He was the person I least expected to run into in London.
The last person I thought I'd encounter in London was him.
He was the least probable person for me to meet in London.
I never imagined running into him in London, of all places.
Meeting him in London was the least expected encounter for me.







013

Julie was born two years after the Los Angeles Olympics took place.
　▸ 時の前後の差を表す場合はafter, before の前に置く
　 ✰ just moments after...：たった今の後に...
　 ✰ immediately before...：すぐ前に...
　 ✰ mere seconds after...：たった数秒後に...
　 ✰ right after...：すぐ後に...
　 ✰ barely minutes before...：わずかな数分前に...
Julie was born two years after the Los Angeles Olympics occurred.
Julie came into the world two years after the Los Angeles Olympics took place.
Two years after the Los Angeles Olympics, Julie was born.
Julie's birth took place two years following the Los Angeles Olympics.
The Los Angeles Olympics happened two years before Julie was born.







014

How come you’re dressed up today?
　▸〈How come S V …?〉「どうして…するのか」
　✰ Why is it that S V ...?
　 ✰ What's the reason for S V ...?
　 ✰ How is it that S V ...?
　 ✰ What makes S V ...?
　 ✰ Why does S V ...?
Why are you dressed up today?
What's the reason for dressing up today?
How come you're all dressed up today?
Why the fancy attire today?
What's the occasion for dressing up today?
Why are you so dressed up today?






015

　▸〈疑問詞＋on earth/in the world/ever〉
　　― 疑問詞の強調
　✰ What in the world...
　✰ Why on earth...
　✰ How ever...
　✰ Who in the world...
　✰ Where on earth...
What on earth is wrong with your sister?
What in the world is wrong with your sister?
What in heaven's name is wrong with your sister?
What on earth is happening with your sister?
What in the world is the matter with your sister?
What in the world is going on with your sister?
What on earth is the issue with your sister?
She says she can hear heavenly voices and see visions of angels.
She claims to be able to perceive celestial melodies and witness apparitions of angels.
According to her, she can discern divine sounds and behold angelic apparitions.
She asserts that she has the ability to perceive celestial voices and witness angelic visions.
She alleges that she is capable of hearing heavenly voices and experiencing visions of angels.
Her assertion is that she can discern heavenly voices and perceive visions of angels.







016

Drop me a line as soon as you get there.
　▸〈drop A a line〉「A に一筆書く」
　　line (n)「短い手紙」
　 ✰ send A a note
　 ✰ write A a letter
　 ✰ give A a quick message
　 ✰ shoot A a message
　 ✰ send A a brief email
Send me a message when you arrive there.
Please let me know once you've arrived there.
Shoot me a message when you reach your destination.
Give me a heads-up when you get there.
Keep me posted when you arrive.
Drop me a message as soon as you reach there.







017

If I had been told so then, I would be happier now.
　▸〈仮定法過去・過去完了〉 の併用形
　　　文末の now に注目すべき
　 ✰ If only it were... now, but alas.
　 ✰ If it had been... now, but alas.
　✰ If it was... now, but alas.
　 ✰ Had it been... now, but alas.
　 ✰ If it were... now, but alas.
If I had been told that back then, I would be happier now.
If I had been informed of that at the time, I would be happier now.
Had I been given that information then, I would be happier now.
If someone had told me that back then, I would be happier now.
I would be happier now if I had been informed of that back then.
Had I known that at the time, I would be happier now.







018

It having started raining the day before, the picnic was postponed.
　▸〈独立分詞構文〉
　　《天候のit》が分詞の意味上の主語
✰ With the weather being so unpredictable, outdoor events often get canceled.
　　天候が予測不可能なので、屋外イベントはよく中止されます。
✰ Due to the weather being inclement, the flight was delayed.
　　天候が悪かったため、フライトは遅れました。
✰ Considering the weather being extremely hot, we decided to go to the beach.
　　天候が非常に暑いことを考慮して、ビーチに行くことにしました。
✰ The weather being perfect, we decided to have a picnic in the park.
　　天候が完璧だったので、公園でピクニックをすることにしました。
✰ Given the weather being so cold, we opted to stay indoors and watch movies.
　　天候がとても寒いので、室内にいて映画を見ることにしました。
With it having started raining the day before, the picnic was postponed.
Due to the rain that started the day before, the picnic was postponed.
Because it started raining the day before, the picnic was postponed.
The picnic was postponed as a result of the rain that began the day before.
Since it began raining the day before, the picnic was postponed.
Because of the rain that had started the day before, the picnic was postponed.







019

Once you have started doing something, never give up.
　▸〈 once 〉(接)「ひとたび…すると」
　 ✰ As soon as...
　 ✰ Upon...
　 ✰ When...
　✰ After...
　 ✰ The moment...
Once you start something, never give up.
Once you've begun something, never give up.
Once you initiate something, never give up.
Once you commence something, never give up.
Once you embark on something, never give up.
Once you kick off something, never give up.







020

The doctor will get home in half an hour.
　▸ 〈経過〉を表す用法
　 ✰ in 30 minutes
　 ✰ within 30 minutes
　 ✰ after 30 minutes
　 ✰ within a half-hour
　 ✰ in half an hour
The doctor will be home in half an hour.
The doctor will arrive home in half an hour.
In half an hour, the doctor will be home.
The doctor will reach home in thirty minutes.
It will take the doctor half an hour to get home.
The doctor will return home in thirty minutes.







021

This letter needs to be corrected before it is sent.
　▸ need to be done「…される必要がある」(＝need doing)
　 ✰ require completion
　 ✰ must be accomplished
　 ✰ necessitate doing
　 ✰ should be performed
　✰ have to be executed
This letter needs to be fixed before sending it.
Before sending it, this letter requires correction.
This letter needs correcting before it's sent.
Before sending it out, this letter needs to be corrected.
This letter requires fixing before it's sent.
Before sending it, this letter needs to undergo correction.







022

We used to work in the same shop and we would often have coffee together.
　▸ would (often) do〈過去の習慣的動作〉
　 ✰ used to (often) do
　 ✰ was accustomed to (often) doing
　 ✰ would regularly do
　 ✰ had a habit of doing
　 ✰ was in the habit of (often) doing
We used to work in the same shop and would often have coffee together.
We used to work in the same shop and would frequently enjoy coffee together.
In the past, while working at the same shop, we would regularly have coffee together.
When we worked in the same shop, we would commonly share coffee breaks.
While working together in the same shop, we would often grab coffee.
We'd often have coffee together when we worked in the same shop.







023

Work is not the only object in life any more than play is.
　▸〈A is not B any more than C is D〉
　　「C がD でないようにA はB でない」
　✰ A is no more B than C is D.
　✰ A is as much not B as C is not D.
　 ✰ Neither A nor C is B or D.
　 ✰ Just as C is not D, A is not B either.
　 ✰ C is no less D than A is not B.
Work is no more an object in life than play is.
Just as play is not the sole focus in life, neither is work.
Work is no more the center of life than play.
Just as play isn't the only priority in life, neither is work.
Work is no more important in life than play.
Just as play isn't the sole purpose in life, neither is work.







024

She sat surrounded by her children.
　▸ She と surround は受動関係だから〈過去分詞〉
✰ The project finally got done last night.
　　そのプロジェクトは昨夜ついに終わりました。
✰ The dishes need to be done before dinner.
　　夕食の前には皿を洗う必要があります。
✰ She had her hair done at the salon.
　　彼女はサロンで髪を整えました。
✰ The repairs on the house were finally done after months of work.
　　家の修理は数ヶ月の作業の末にようやく完了しました。
✰ With all the preparations done, they were ready to start the event.
　　すべての準備が整ったので、彼らはイベントを開始する準備ができていました。
She sat, surrounded by her children.
Surrounded by her children, she sat.
Her children surrounded her as she sat.
Sitting among her children, she was surrounded.
She was encircled by her children as she sat.
With her children all around her, she sat.









025

He regretted borrowing the book from her.
　▸〈regret doing〉「…したことを後悔する」
　✰ feel remorse for doing
　✰ repent doing
　✰ feel sorry about doing
　 ✰ wish one hadn't done
　 ✰ feel remorseful about doing
He regretted having borrowed the book from her.
He regretted borrowing the book from her.
He regretted his decision to borrow the book from her.
Borrowing the book from her was something he regretted.
He wished he hadn't borrowed the book from her.
Regretfully, he borrowed the book from her.

Part 2：アウトプット脳内英作文

001
今度日本に帰って来られるのはずっと先のことでしょう。

002
私の母が亡くなってから10 年になる。

003
何の危険もなければという条件で彼は来ることに同意した。

004
その試験に受かるために，一生懸命勉強しさえすればよい。

005
わたしはこうして英文法を完全に自分のものにした。

006
ぜんぜん気にしませんよ。

007
われわれは煙草を売ることが困難だと思っています。

008
ジョンのほうが2 人のうちでは背が高い。

009
その飛行機には500 人もの乗客が乗っていた。

010
今朝雨が降っていたので，タクシーを拾うのに苦労した。

011
私が驚いたことに，リンダはジョンと結婚した。

012
彼にロンドンで会うとはまったく予想していなかった。

013
ジュリーはロス五輪の2年後に生まれた。

014
どういうわけで今日はめかしこんでいるの？

015
きみの妹いったいどうしたの。この世のものでない声が聞こえたり天使のまぼろしが見えたりするなんて言ってるけど。

016
そこに着いたらすぐ，一筆お便りください。

017
もし私がそのときそのように言われたならば，今はもっと幸せでしょうに。

018
前の日に雨が降り出したので，ピクニックは延期された。

019
いったん何かをし始めたら，決してあきらめるな。

020
医者は30 分で家に着くでしょう。

021
この手紙は，送る前に誤りを正す必要があります。

022
私たちは以前同じ店で働いていて，よく一緒にコーヒーを飲んだものです。

023
仕事が人生の唯一の目的ではないのは，遊びがそうでないのと同じである。

024
彼女は，自分の子どもたちに囲まれて座っていた。

025
彼は彼女からその本を借りたことを後悔した。

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